初中英语语法-被动语态讲解与练习

中考语法精讲——被动语态1.被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)2.英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。一.主动语态表示:主语是动作的执行者.二.被动语态表示:主语是动作的承受者主动语态变被动语态的方法（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。各种时态的被动语态构成1.一般现在时：2.一般过去时：3.情态动词：4.一般将来时：5.现在进行时：6.现在完成时：7.过去进行时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词主语+was/were+过去分词主语+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词主语+will+be+过去分词主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词.主语+have/has+been+过去分词S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词的用法也有两个特点：一是表示完成.二是表示被动.规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加“ｅｄ”构成三.过去分词只强调被动意思，表明动作已经完成.1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone1.一般现在时am/is/are+done1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.Heplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.2.一般过去时was/were+doneHeputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone1.Theywillplanttreestomorrow.一.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow2.Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.二.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4.现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.6.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词5.现在进行时：Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.S+am/is/are+being+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词5.含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+bedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.何时使用被动语态呢？3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vpp一般过去时V-ed/madewas/were+Vpp一般将来时will+V(原形)will+be+Vpp含情态动词情态动词+V(原形)情态动词+be+Vpp1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.补充说明2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.1Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2Kniveswereusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.3Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.4Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.5Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow..课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuil