搜索
CandidateNumberCandidateNameCambridgeIELTS10–Test2AcademicReadingSATURDAY1hourAdditionalmaterials:AnswersheetforListeningandReadingTime1hourINSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATESDonotopenthisquestionpaperuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespacesatthetopofthispage.Readtheinstructionsforeachpartofthepapercarefully.Answerallthequestions.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Useapencil.Youmustcompletetheanswersheetwithinthetimelimit.Attheendofthetest,handinboththisquestionpaperandyouranswersheet.INFORMATIONFORCANDIDATESThereare40questionsonthisquestionpaper.Eachquestioncarriesonemark.___________________________________________________________________READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestion1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1onpages3and4.Question1–8ReadingPassage1haseightparagraphs,A-H.Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-xi,inboxes1-8onyouranswersheet.1ParagraphA2ParagraphB3ParagraphC4ParagraphD5ParagraphE6ParagraphF7ParagraphG8ParagraphHListofHeadingsiNotenoughteatomeetdemandiiReligiousobjectionsiiiin–andsometimesoutof–fashionivAconnectionbetweenteaandreligionvAluxuryitemviNewsofteareachesanothercontinentviiIsteaagoodorbadthing?viiiAchancediscoveryixThebenefitsforhealthxTea-makingasaritualxiDifficultiesinimportingteaABriefHistoryofTeaAThestoryofteabeganinancientChinaover5,000yearsago.Accordingtolegend,theEmperorShenNungwasaskilledruler,creativescientistandpatronofthearts.Hisfar-sightededictsrequired,amongotherthings,thatalldrinkingwaterbeboiledasahygienicprecaution.Onesummerdaywhilevisitingadistantregionofhisrealm,heandthecourtstoppedtorest.Inaccordancewithhisruling,theservantsbegantoboilwaterforthecourttodrink.Driedleavesfromanearbybushfellintotheboilingwater,andastheleavesinfusedthewaterturnedbrown.Asascientist,theEmperorwasintriguedbythenewliquid,dranksome,andfounditveryrefreshing.Andso,accordingtolegend,teawascreated.BTeaconsumptionspreadthroughoutChineseculture,reachingintoeveryaspectofthesociety.Thefirstdefinitivebookwaswrittenontea–abookclearlyreflectingZenBuddhistphilosophy–1,200yearsago.ThefirstteaseedswerebroughttoJapanbyareturningBuddhistpriest,whohadseenthevalueofteainenhancingmeditationinChina.Asaresult,heisknownasthe‘FatherofTea’inJapan.Becauseofthisearlyassociation,teainJapanhasalwaysbeenlinkedwithZenBuddhism.TeareceivedtheJapaneseEmperor’ssupportalmostinstantlyandspreadrapidlyfromtheroyalcourtandmonasteriestoothersectionsofsociety.CTeawaselevatedtoanartformintheJapaneseteaceremony,inwhichsupremeimportanceisgiventomakingteainthemostperfect,mostpolite,mostgraceful,mostcharmingmannerpossible.Suchapurityofexpressionpromptedthecreationofaparticularformofarchitecturefor‘teahouse’,duplicatingthesimplicityofaforestcottage.Thecultural/artistichostessesofJapan,thegeishas,begantospecializeinthepresentationoftheteaceremony.However,asmoreandmorepeoplebecameinvolvedintheexcitementsurroundingtea,thepurityoftheoriginalconceptwaslost,andforaperiodtheteaceremonybecamecorrupted,boisterousandhighlyembellished.Effortswerethenmadetoreturntotheearliersimplicity,withtheresultthat,inthe15thand16thcenturies,teawasviewedastheultimategift.Evenwarlordspausedforteabeforebattles.DWhileteawasatthishighlevelofdevelopmentinpartsofAisa,informationconcerningthethenunknownbeveragebegantofilterbacktoEurope.Earliertradershadmentionedit,butwereunclearastowhetherteashouldbeeatenordrunk.ThefirstEuropeantopersonallyencounterteaandwriteaboutitwasPortuguese–Portugal,withhertechnologicallyadvancednavy,hadbeensuccessfulingainingthefirstrightoftradewithChina.ETeafinallyarrivedinEuropeinthe16thcentury,broughttoHollandbythecountry’snavy,andbecomingveryfashionableintheDutchcapital,theHague.Thiswasdueinparttoteabeingveryexpensive(over$100perpound),whichimmediatelymadeitthedomainofthewealthy.Slowly,astheamountofteaimportedincreased,thepricefell,andby1675itwasavailableincommonfoodshopsthroughoutHolland.FAstheconsumptionofteaincreaseddramaticallyinDutchsociety,doctorsanduniversityauthoritiesinHollandarguedastoitsbenefitsordrawbacks.Thepubliclargelyignoredthescholarlydebateandcontinuedtoenjoytheirnewbeverage,throughthecontroversylastedfrom1635toroughly1657.Throughoutthisperiod,FranceandHollandledEuropeintheuseoftea.GAsthecrazeforallthingsorientalsweptthroughEurope,teabecamepartofthewayoflife.Addingmilktothedrinkwasfirstmentionedin1680.Aroundthattime,Dutchinnsprovidedthefirstrestaurantserviceoftea.Innkeeperswouldfurnishguestswithaportableteasetcompletewithaheatingunit.TheDutchmanwouldthenprepareteaforhimselfandhisfriendsoutsideintheinngarden.TearemainedpopularinFranceforonlyaboutfiftyyears,beingreplacedbyapreferenceforwine,chocolate,andexoticcoffees.TeawasintroducedintoEnglandin1660byKingCharlesIIandhisPortuguesequeen,whowerebothconfirmedteadrinkers.TeamaniasweptacrossEnglandasithadearlierspreadthroughoutFranceandHolland.By1708teaimportationhadrisentothirteentimesthe1699level.Teawasdrunkbyalllevelsofsociety.HTheRussianinterestinteabeganasearlyas1618,whentheChineseembassyinMoscowpres