介词+which

“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（）Thecity（which/that）shelivesinisfaraway.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等Thisisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor.Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.练习：Arethesesentencesright?(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Theman(who/that)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(3)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+whichWhy=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词whenIstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词whyTherearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Thisismypairofglasses,__withoutwhich__Icannotseeclearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1.Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介词+关系代词）介词后面的关系代词2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when,wherewhy互换。练习1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.（05山东卷）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.06陕西卷）A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich3.Guncontrolisasubject_________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(0陕西卷)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayA.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich5.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(10浙卷A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose6.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.04全国I）AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.（04广西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05广东卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.（11江西卷）A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich10.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis12.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,________therewon'tbemuchwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm__________，manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime15.WheneverImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(09山东)A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that16.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof______Ihadevermetbefore.(09海南)A.themB.whoC.whomD.these17.Manychildren,_________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.(09安徽）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom18.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity________namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(09湖南）A.WhichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose\