妇儿超声检查手册(超声正常值)一、正常早孕期1.孕龄计算公式孕天数=胎囊平均内径(长+宽+厚)/3(mm)+30±3天2.孕龄计算公式孕天数=孕囊最大经线+3天此两个测量公式适用于孕7周之内,但有一定误差。3.孕龄(天)=CRL+424.孕龄(周)=CRL+6.5此两公式适用于孕7-12周。测量时不包括卵黄囊及肢体,取胚胎躯体最长最直的正中矢面图,测量最长经线,最好取三次测量平均值。5.胎囊每日生长速度:1-1.5mm/d6.正常早中期超声孕周可见孕周胚胎大小mm正常超声所见5可见小胎囊及卵黄囊,胎囊约占宫腔1/463.2胎囊清晰可见,可见卵黄囊、胎芽及胎心79.3清楚可见胎芽、胎心,胎囊约占宫腔1/3815.7可区分胎头、胎体,胎囊约占宫腔1/2,可见蠕动922.6胎囊几乎占满宫腔,胚胎轮廓清晰,胎头、脑泡及肢芽可见1030.7胚胎肢芽清晰可见,活跃于羊水中,胎盘开始形成1140.6胎囊完全消失,胎盘清晰可见,四肢骨,指趾清晰可见1252.8胎儿颅骨光环清晰,脊柱及四腔心可见简单记忆:5囊6芽7心8动9胎盘7.胎儿停止发育胎囊平均内径≥2.5cm,未见胎芽或胎芽长≥0.6cm,未见胎心搏动。注意:观察胎心搏动要在2分钟以上8.胎儿妊娠结局不良(1)孕囊平均内径-CRL<5mm(2)孕早期胎心率<80bpm9.胎儿NT增厚测量范围:头臀长44mm-85mm相当于孕11周2天-14周3天正常NT≦3.0mm50%的21三体,25%的18三体及10%的turner综合症NT或NF增厚对于高龄孕妇(年龄大于35岁),唐氏高危者,孕11-12周,NT≥2.5mm,考虑增宽。二、产前筛查(孕11-14周)要求测量胎儿头臀长并估计孕周胎儿矢状面测量NT厚度和鼻骨的显示胎儿侧脑室显示显示胎儿心脏、胃泡显示胎儿四肢此期可筛查出的畸形:无脑儿、全前脑、脑膨出、四肢异常、NT增厚如果检查胎儿NT增厚,注意胎儿鼻骨有无缺失或过短,有无三尖瓣反流。NT增厚应建议做羊穿检查。三、孕中期胎儿筛查要求1、头部(1)颅骨大小:双顶径平面测量形态:正常为椭圆形,无局部突出或缺失,无柠檬头或草莓头完整性:无骨质缺损骨密度:回声过弱或过强应考虑颅骨质矿化问题,如成骨不全、低磷酸酯酶症等。(2)脑结构侧脑室水平横断面:观察脑中线、脉络丛、侧脑室、透明隔丘脑水平横断面:丘脑、透明隔、经小脑横切面:小脑横径、小脑蚓部、大脑延髓池颅底横切面:大脑脚Wellis环颅脑正中矢状切面:丘脑、胼胝体2、脊柱显示整个脊柱颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、尾椎(矢状、冠状切面)膀胱水平横切面显示三个骨化中心的排列3、面部上唇的完整性、双眼眶、面部轮廓、口唇、鼻孔矢状面显示鼻骨4、颈部观察颈部有无肿物,如颈部水囊瘤或畸胎瘤5、胸部胸廓形态规则,肋骨自然弯曲,无短肋;双肺回声均匀,无纵膈或肿物;膈肌呈线状回声,分隔胸腹部脏器。6、心脏正常四腔心,对称,左右室流出道,无膈疝证据,心率7、腹部胃泡位置正常,肠管无扩张,双肾、膀胱均显示;脐带腹壁入口处可见8、肢体显示双上肢、双下肢、双手、双足及其连接关系9、其他胎盘:位置,有无肿物及副胎盘宫颈内口长度、形态脐带:三根血管外生殖器、宫颈、子宫形态及附件(斜体部分为产前诊断要求)四、胎儿生物测量正常值1、胎儿头臀长与孕周孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL10周0天3.0511周0天4.0512周0天5.2513周0天6.6514周0天7.9510周1天3.1511周1天4.1512周1天5.4513周1天6.7514周1天8.0510周2天3.3511周2天4.4512周2天5.6513周2天7.0514周2天8.3510周3天3.4511周3天4.5512周3天5.8513周3天7.1514周3天8.4510周4天3.5511周4天4.6512周4天5.9513周4天7.3514周4天8.5510周5天3.7511周5天4.8512周5天6.2513周5天7.5514周5天8.7510周6天3.8511周6天5.0512周6天6.3513周6天7.6514周6天8.852、正常胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长(medison)孕周双顶径头围腹围股骨长131.90-2.347.2-8.86.3-7.41.00-1.33142.35-2.748.9-10.407.5-8.61.34-1.66152.78-3.1710.45-11.958.7-9.81.67-1.99163.18-3.5511.96-13.49.9-11.02.00-2.30173.56-3.9113.45-14.7911.1-12.22.31-2.59183.92-4.2614.8-16.1912.3-13.42.61-2.90194.27-4.6016.2-17.3913.5-14.62.91-3.19204.61-4.9317.40-18.5914.7-15.73.20-3.46214.95-5.2418.60-19.7515.8-16.93.47-3.74225.25-5.5419.76-20.8417.0-18.03.75-4.00235.55-5.8420.85-21.8918.1-19.14.01-4.26245.85-6.1421.90-22.8919.2-20.34.27-4.49256.15-6.4122.90-23.8920.4-21.44.50-4.74266.42-6.6823.90-24.8021.5-22.54.75-4.99276.69-6.9424.81-25.6922.6-23.65.00-5.25286.95-7.2025.70-26.5923.7-24.75.26-5.47297.21-7.4626.60-27.4024.8-25.75.48-5.69307.47-7.6927.40-28.1925.8-26.85.70-5.94317.70-7.9528.20-28.9026.9-27.85.95-6.15327.96-8.1929.00-29.7027.9-28.96.16-6.36-338.20-8.4229.80-30.4929.0-30.06.37-6.59348.43-8.6530.60-31.2030.1-30.96.60-6.79358.66-8.8831.30-31.8031.0-32.06.80-7.00368.89-9.1031.90-32.5932.1-33.07.01-7.20379.11-9.3232.60-33.2033.1-34.07.21-7.40389.33-9.5333.30-33.8934.1-35.07.41-7.60399.54-9.7533.90-34.5035.1-36.07.61-7.80409.76-9.9634.60-35.1036.1-36.97.81-8.00419.97-10.1635.20-35.7037.0-37.98.01-8.24210.17-38.0(1)BPD孕31周前,每周增长约3mm,孕31-36周增长1.5mm/周,孕36周后,增长1mm/周;在孕12-28周测值最接近孕周。受胎方位、不同头形或胎头入盆等因素影响,孕晚期BPD测值会出现较大偏差。(2)孕30周前FL增长2.7mm/周,31-36周增长2mm/周,36周后增长1mm/周。3、超声参数解读:(1)头径指数CI=头短轴径BPD/头长轴径OFD正常范围70%-86%头径指数在正常范围时,BPD适合评估体重。头径指数小于70%或大于86%时,应该用头围来评估体重。(2)FL/AC正常20%~24%FL/AC20%可能为巨大儿FL/AC24%可能有IUGR,应放弃AC测量(3)FL/BPD正常71%~87%如FL/BPD70%,则放弃FL测量如FL/BPD87%,则放弃BPD测量(4)HC/AC正常0.96~1.17正常孕35周前,腹围小于头围;孕35周左右,比值基本相等;孕35周后,腹围大于头围。(5)FL/HC小于3SD提示骨发育不良。4、胎儿小脑横径正常值(参考美国妇产科学1987年)孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1614161724222528323338421716171825232829333240441817181926252932343340441918192227263032353140.5472018202228273134363643552119222429293438373745552221232430313540384048.555232224263132384339525255孕24周前,小脑横径约等于孕周,孕20-38周,平均增长约1-2mm/周;孕24周后,小脑横径值明显大于孕周,妊娠38周后,平均增长约0.7mm/周。5、胎儿小脑蚓部正常值孕周(周)前后径(mm)顶尾径(mm)周长(mm)面积(cm2)21-2210.6±1.411.1±1.143.8±3.30.9±0.223-2412.9±1.112.3±1.447.5±5.51.2±0.225-2613.5±2.113.6±0.950.9±4.41.4±0.227-2816.3±2.716.0±1.658.9±6.82.0±0.529-3017.5±2.217.7±2.164.7±6.52.3±0.431-3219.0±1.919.2±1.170.7±6.92.8±0.433-3419.2±1.919.8±1.072.7±8.33.0±0.835-3621.4±1.521.2±2.377.6±5.13.4±0.337-3822.1±3.823.0±4.680.7±9.93.9±1.439-4025.7±2.325.0±2.686.7±7.04.9±0.76、诊断小头畸形头围参考值(cm李胜利)孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD201814.513.111.63128.626.024.523.02119.215.714.312.83229.426.825.323.92220.316.915.414.03330.227.626.124.62321.418.016.615.13430.928.326.825.32422.419.117.716.23531.528.927.526.02523.420.218.817.33632.429.528.126.62624.421.319.818.33732.930.128.627.22725.322.320.819.43833.930.629.127.62826.223.321.820.33934.231.029.528.12927.024.222.721.54034.831.429.928.43027.825.123.622.07、胎儿第四脑室正常范围胎儿第四脑室宽径:0.48±0.11mm,前后径:0.27±0.0895%百分区间范围宽径:0.31-0.68前后径:0.15-0.418、胎儿眼部生物学测量正常值孕周5th眼外距50th95th5th眼内距50th95th5th眼距50th95th12513234913136138152559142471410182851014358151320306101446916152232610155791717253461115581018192737711166911192229397121679122024314181217810132126334381317811132228354491318912142330374691418101215243139481014191013152533415010151911131626354251111520121416273644531116201214172838455412162113151729394756121721131518304148571317221416183142505813