毕业设计(论文)论文题目小型自动涂膜机的改进设计学生姓名学号所在院系专业班级机械设计制造及其自动化导师姓名职称完成日期摘要电池由正负电极、隔膜、电解液以及外壳四部分组成。其中,正负极电极片是电池的核心部件,其厚度、均匀程度以及平整度对电池性能具有十分重要的影响。目前,在许多高校和科研院所的电池实验室内,电极片的涂膜过程常常是通过手工或者用简易的涂膜设备来完成的,难以对极片的厚度、均匀程度和平整度实现精确控制,导致涂膜的重现性较差。为了解决这一问题,本课题对实验用小型自动涂膜机进行改进设计,使电极片涂膜厚度可控化、平整度,均匀度标准化。使实验室涂膜半自动化、厚度精确可控化成为现实,能够完成在不同情况下,按要求涂出不同厚度的电极片,以满足不同的要求,保证实验进程的快速进行和制作出的电池的可靠性,稳定性。关键词:涂膜机;厚度;均匀程度;平整度;自动化ImprovedDesignofSmallAutomaticFilmCoatingMachineAbstractThebatteryiscomposedofpositiveandnegativeelectrode,electrolyteandseparator,theshelliscomposedoffourparts.Amongthem,thepositiveandnegativeelectrodesofthebatteryisthecorecomponent,itsthickness,uniformityandsmoothnessofthebatteryperformanceisveryimportant.Atpresent,thebatteryinmanylaboratoriesofuniversitiesandresearchInstitutesintheprocessofcoatingelectrodeoftenbyhandorbycoatingequipmentissimpleandeasytocomplete,itisdifficultforthesheetthickness,uniformityandflatnesscontrolaccurately,resultinginpoorreproducibilityoffilm.Inordertosolvethisproblem,thispapertotesttheimproveddesignwithasmallautomaticcoatingmachine,theelectrodefilmthicknesscontrolflat.Thedegreeofuniformityofstandardization.Thefilmlaboratorysemiautomated,preciseandcontrollablethicknessbecomerealistic,canbecompletedindifferentsituations,accordingtotherequirementsofcoatedelectrodesheetwithdifferentthickness,tomeetthedifferentrequirements,toensuretheprogressoftheexperimentfastandreliability,makethestabilityofthebattery.Keywords:coatingmachine;thickness;uniformity;flatness;automation目录1绪论·······························································11.1课题背景及研究意义·········································11.2涂膜机的应用现状············································22总体方案设计···················································32.1涂膜机的工作原理············································32.2涂膜机的总体构造············································32.3设计的主要任务···············································43涂布方案设计····················································63.1涂布原理及基本模型·········································63.2传动方案设计分析···········································83.3减速电机的选择···············································93.4传动齿轮的设计··············································114涂布组件的设计················································164.1.1按静强度条件进行校核···································164.1.2按疲劳强度条件进行精确校核···························174.1.3滚子刚度校核················································174.1.4滚子刚度校核···············································184.2轴承的选择···················································194.2.1轴承的选择型号···········································194.2.2径向滑动轴承的选用与验算····························204.2.3间隙调整装置的设计·······································204.2.4间隙调整装置滑轨的设计·································204.2.5弹簧的选取···················································214.2.6涂布平台的设计·············································224.2.7机架的设计·················································245总装配···························································256结论·······························································27参考文献····························································28致谢··································································29附录··································································301绪论1.1课题背景及研究意义1.1.1自动涂布机的应用简介涂布机主要应用于造纸、印刷、电子、陶瓷、电池极片制作等领域。尤其在电池极片涂布方面,正负极电极片作为电池的核心组成部分,其厚度、均匀程度以及平整度对电池性能具有重大的影响[1]。当前,在许多高校和科研院所的实验室内,电极片的涂膜过程常常通过手工完成,无法实现对极片厚度、均匀度及平整度的控制,导致涂膜的重现性较差。因此,电池极片的涂敷工艺对电池综合性能及制作方面有着十分重要的作用。电极、隔膜、隔膜、电解液以及外壳是电池的五大组成元素,作为四大组成元素之一,正负极电极片对电池的各项性能都有重要的影响。一般来说,极片厚度越薄,平整度均匀程度越高,制作出来的电池性能越好。但极片越薄,在相同容量下,极片的相对总面积就越大,相对应的电池内部非提供能量的铝箔、铜箔、隔膜的相对用量就越大。由此电池质量也会变大,导致了制作出来的能量密度越低,这就要求涂布机能够根据不同情况涂布出不同厚度的电极片。1.1.2极片涂布机的研究意义在目前,高校实验室和小型科研院所极片的制作都是由手工或者简易的涂布设备来完成,涂布时,对实验员操作的熟练程度有严格的要求。对于不同的实验目的,无法按要求涂布出不同厚度的极片,难以实现对电极片厚度的精确掌控,只能依靠操作者操作水平来实现。另外,在涂布的均匀程度和平整度上,更加难以保证。一些现有的涂布设备,虽然对操作者熟练程度要求大大降低,但在涂布时,如果操作不当,依然会对极片造成严重影响,甚至会出现损坏实验材料,造成不必要的浪费的现象。随着当前电池技术的快速发展,出现了不同工艺要求的电极片,针对当前涂膜设备出现的一些缺陷和局限性,对其涂布执行机构进行精密化科学化改进设计。改进后可实现对涂布厚度的精确控制,降低涂布工作的操作难度,基本实现涂布的半自动化。同时,使涂布出的电极片在均匀程度和平整程度上的以保证,降低电池因为涂布均匀度和平整度不达标带来的电池性能不佳的影响,保证电池工作的高效性和可靠性。改进后的极片涂膜机与原设备工作原理基本相同,同时利用圆形滚柱的滚动压平现象,实现了对涂布基材(铜箔或铝箔)的保护[2],在保证了涂布均匀度和平整度的同时,实现了涂布厚度的可控化,降了对实际操作人员熟练程度的要求,在很大程度上提高了生产效率,节约了生产成本。1.2实验用极片涂布机的应用现状目前,市场上最为常见的小型实验用电池极片涂膜器是由深圳科晶生产公司的AFA-I型自动涂膜机,如图1-1所示操作方式:①接通电源;②将涂布底材平放在涂敷吸盘底座上,按下真空泵ON/OFF按钮到“吸附”位置,这时,涂布底材即被吸附在涂布底座上了。(为了保证底材更好的被吸附,应使真空小孔皆被覆盖);③将横向推杆放置在涂布底座两侧的固定杆上;④按需求,选择符合要求的涂布长度,使横向推杆回到达涂布的起始位置;⑤将湿膜制备器放置在横向推杆的前方;⑥选择适当的涂布速度;⑦直接在湿膜制备器前面放置适量的待涂布涂料;⑧按下“开始”按钮,开始涂布;⑨待涂布停止后,将剩余涂料刮入废料收集盘;⑩关闭真空泵,取下制好的样板,以待下次操作使用。此涂膜机利用真空泵将涂布底材固定于吸盘上,由于吸孔处压强小于其他位置,所以在涂布开始时便会有小孔处平面低于其他位置的现象,这就使得在开始涂布之前产生了“平面不平的现象”,在这种情况下,即使涂膜器刮刀精确度特别高也很难保证涂布出的电极片有很好的平整度和均匀度。同时,涂布过程是涂膜器刮刀在重力作用下在涂布底材上滑动完成的,而且涂布电极片一般需要重复两到三遍才完成,由于底材(铝箔厚度是15微米,铜箔厚度是9微米)厚度较薄,会产生因为难以承受这样循环往复的滑动摩擦而破裂的情况。另外,在每次使用前都需要对涂膜刮刀进行一遍调零,严重影响到生产效率。本次课题的设计主要针对该涂膜器这些缺点进行改进,使其能够快速高效的加工出符合厚度、平整度、均匀度等方面要求的极片,同时降低实验机器的操作难度,简化操作流程,让试验者能够轻易地加工出符合各项性能标准的产品。2总体方案设计分析涂膜机的工作原理和基本构造是设计整个涂膜机的前提和基础,基本阐述了涂膜机的工作原理,说明了基本构造和简单的工作过程,并在此基础上明确了本次的主