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本科毕业设计（20届）城市轨道交通换乘站客流时间特点分析疏解Analysisandeaseofpassengertemporalcharacteristicsofurbanrailtransittransferstation所在学院专业班级交通工程学生姓名指导教师完成日期摘要换乘站在城市轨道交通网中直接影响着轨道交通客流输送效率和乘客服务水平，因此换乘站点中乘客的疏散能力往往制约着整条线路的能力，换乘站也成为轨道交通线路的瓶颈，因此对换乘站的客流进行分析可以有效的疏解客流。在已建好的线路中除了在空间方面对换乘路线进行优化外，换乘客流的时间特点也是一大关键。本文针对与换乘客流的时间特点进行分析，从而减少换乘的等待时间使线路中拥挤程度降低。在大多数城市轨道交通系统中，乘客可能需要在不同的轨道线路中多次换乘才能到达目的地，而设计一个能使乘客的等待时间最小且相对顺畅的换乘线路是比较困难的。本文针对非周期性时间表的同步问题提出了一个混合整数规划的优化模型，它能使换乘站内所有乘客的等待时间最短。这个模型的新颖之处在于其公式使用的二进制变量能够使显示的等候时间与下一辆车到达的时间吻合。通过调整列车在运行时的运行时间和每站的停留时间，它在终点起点站的派遣时间和转折时间，以及每站的发车间隔，这个模型可以构建高品质的时间表其能最大限度地减少换乘等待时间。通过测试算法，它能很好的运行在地铁系统的许多跨平台的换乘站。初步的数值结果表明，此方法与固定班次和往返时间的周期性时间表相比有显著改善。本文主要以换乘站，客流量最大的时间段—高峰小时，对站内的拥堵情况进行分析，并以四号线与二号线的换乘站宣武门站为例，着力解决客流的拥堵问题并对其进行疏解。关键词：城市轨道交通；换乘站；高峰小时；时间调度AbstractTransferstandingintheurbanrailtransportnetworkdirectlyaffectthetransmissionefficiencyofrailtransitandpassengerservicelevel,transfertheevacuationofpassengersinthesiteoftenrestrictstheabilityoftheentireline,thetransferstationhasalsobecomethebottleneckoftheraillines,sothepassengertransferstationcaneffectivelyeasethepassengerflow.Inadditiontooptimizethetransferlineinspaceinthelinehasbeenbuilt,thetimecharacteristicsofthetransferpassengerisabigkey.Inthispaper,timeandPassengerFlowcharacteristicswereanalyzedinordertoreducethetransferwaitingtimeforlinecongestiontoreduce.Inmosturbanrailtransitsystem,passengersmayberequiredseveraltimesindifferentraillinestransferinordertoreachtheirdestinationsdesignedtomakepassengers'waitingtimeforthesmallestandrelativelysmoothtransferlinesismoredifficult.Inthispaperamixedintegerprogrammingoptimizationmodelfornonperiodictimetablesynchronization,whichenablestransferofallpassengersinthestationwaitingfortheshortesttime.Thenoveltyofthismodelinitsformulatousebinaryvariablestomakethewaitingtimeandthetimeofarrivalofthenextcarconsistent.Timetablefortherunningtimeofadjustmentintrainintherun-timeandresidencetimeofeachstation,itistheendofthestartingstationofdispatchtimeandtransitiontime,andeachstationgridspacing,thismodelcanbeconstructedofhighqualitytominimizetransfertowaitforthetime.Testalgorithms,itisagoodruninthesubwaysystem,cross-platformtransferstation.Preliminarynumericalresultsshowthatthismethodwithafixedfrequencyandtheperiodicityscheduleofround-triptimesignificantlyimproved.Inthispaper,thetransferstation,themosthighlytraffickedtime-peakhours,congestionwithinthestationforanalysis,effortstosolvepassengercongestionanditsease.Keywords：Urbanrailtransit;transferstation;peakhours;timetabling目录1引言...............................................................................................................................11.1研究背景与意义.................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状.................................................................................................12客流在时间上的动态特性...........................................................................................22.1客流形态.............................................................................................................22.2客流在时间上的不均衡规律.............................................................................32.3解决客流时间不均衡性的行车组织原则........................................................33换乘车站客流组织......................................................................................................33.1客流疏解与滞留情况........................................................................................43.2候车客流.............................................................................................................43.3滞留人数及滞留时间........................................................................................54优化等待时间——时间表同步..................................................................................64.1基本假设.............................................................................................................74.2模拟换乘等待时间.............................................................................................74.3时间表同步问题的混合整数规划模型.............................................................84.3.2目标函数...................................................................................................94.3.3约束...........................................................................................................95算例.............................................................................................................................105.1等待客流的计算...............................................................................................105.2等待时间的计算...............................................................................................126结论.............................................................................................................................12参考文献........................................................................................................................14致谢......................................................................................................................