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本科毕业设计（20届）基于动态车载导航系统的浮动车信息采集技术FCDTrafficInformationCollectionBaseOnDynamicVehicleNavigationSystem所在学院专业班级交通工程学生姓名指导教师完成日期摘要随着经济的发展和科技进步，城市化进程的加快，我国很多城市存在着“无效的交通供给和无序的交通需求”的局面，交通拥堵现象普遍发生，道路基础设施的建设无法满足出行需求，引发了交通拥挤，交通事故，环境污染等城市交通问题。过去，市场上的GPS车载导航，实现了路径指引的功能，但是随着汽车保有量的增加，交通拥堵的频率增加，出行时间变长，静态车载导航已经不能满足出行需要。目前，市场上逐渐出现了一些与动态导航有关的系统和产品。如手机为终端的实时路况信息显示系统；高速公路上的实时路况显示屏等，使交通参与者通过动态信息的接收，减少出行时间，降低危险率，减少油耗和二氧化碳排放。动态车载导航系统的关键部分是实时交通信息的采集和路径优化，本文主要研究动态车载导航系统的交通信息采集部分。首先通过动态信息采集技术的对比，得出一种高效的信息采集技术——基于浮动车技术的道路交通信息采集。然后介绍基于浮动车技术的交通信息采集方法的概述。最后介绍浮动车信息采集技术的关键部分。关键词：浮动车；信息采集技术；动态车载导航AbstractWitheconomicdevelopmentandtechnologicalprogress,theprocessofurbanizationacceleratedinmanycitiesofChinathereisinvalidtrafficsupplyanddisorderlytrafficdemandsituation,thewidespreadoccurrenceofthephenomenonoftrafficcongestion,roadinfrastructurecannotmeetthetraveldemand,causingtrafficcongestion,trafficaccidents,environmentalpollution,urbantransportproblems.Inthepast,GPScarnavigationmarkettoachievethefunctionofthepathguidelines,butwiththeincreaseofcarownership,trafficcongestionincreaseinthefrequency,timelongerstaticvehiclenavigationcannotmeettravelneeds.Currently,themarket,gradualemergenceofadynamicnavigationsystemsandproducts.Suchasthemobilephoneterminalreal-timetrafficinformationdisplaysystem;highwayreal-timetrafficdisplay.Trafficparticipants,reducingthetraveltimethroughthereceptionofdynamicinformationandriskreductionrate,reducefuelconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissions.Akeypartofthedynamicvehiclenavigationsystemisareal-timetrafficinformationcollectionandpathoptimization,thepaperstudiesthedynamicvehiclenavigationsystemtrafficinformationacquisitionpart.First,bycomparisonofthedynamicinformationacquisitiontechnologytoarriveatanefficientinformationacquisitiontechnology-basedonthefloatingvehicletechnology,roadtrafficinformationacquisition.Andthendescribestheoverviewofthetrafficinformationacquisitionmethodbasedonfloatingcartechnology.Finally,thekeypartofthefloatingvehicleinformationcollectiontechnology.Keywords：Floatingcar;Informationcollectiontechnology;DynamicVehicleNavigation目录绪论............................................................................................................................11动态车载导航系统................................................................................................21.1动态车载导航系统的现状及关键性.............................................................21.2动态车载导航系统的组成.............................................................................22交通信息采集子系统数据采集方法的比较........................................................22.1固定型采集技术..............................................................................................22.1.1磁频采集技术...........................................................................................32.1.2波频采集技术...........................................................................................32.1.3视频车辆检测器.......................................................................................42.2移动型采集技术..............................................................................................42.2.1基于GPS的采集技术.............................................................................42.2.2基于电子标签的采集技术.......................................................................42.2.3基于手机定位的采集技术.......................................................................43浮动车信息采集技术的准备工作........................................................................53.1探测车的选择.................................................................................................54浮动车信息采集的关键技术................................................................................64.1适用于浮动车信息采集系统的方法及误差分析.........................................64.1.1信息采集的方法.......................................................................................64.1.2信息采集的误差分析...............................................................................84.2信息采集格式.................................................................................................94.3浮动车交通信息编码分析............................................................................104.3.1信息编码的方式选择.............................................................................104.3.2信源编码的算法比较.............................................................................104.4浮动车交通信息传输分析............................................................................114.4.1数据传输的信道选择.............................................................................114.4.2数据传输的格式.....................................................................................124.5数据传输的协议及安全性...........................................................................124.5.1建立数据传输协议................................................................................124.5.2数据传输的安全性.................................................................................134.6信息共享........................................................................................................135浮动车信息采集技术国内外应用现状..................................