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1非谓语和谓语一、区分谓语和非谓语谓语谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后，说明主语“是什么”或者“做什么”，或表明主语的状态。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。（谓语必修注意时态、语态和主谓一致）1．简单谓语(1).Whathappened?发生了什么事？(2).Heworkedhardalldaytoday.他今天苦干了一天。(3).Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.飞机是十点起飞的。2.复合谓语可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：Whatdoesthiswordmean?Iwon’tdoitagain.I’llgoandmoveawaythebagofricewithLinTao.You’dbettercatchabus.第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：Youlookthesame.Weareallhere.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.Keepquiteandlistentome.Helookedworried.Wehavetobeupearlyinthemorning.Note:一个英语句子就有一套主谓结构；如果是从句，则至少有两套主谓结构，每套要求主语和谓语在时态和人称上要一致。祈使句无主语。非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：todo,doing和done.非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedonetohavebeendoneing形式主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词被动done非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。找出下列句中的动词非谓语，并注意他们在句子中充当的成分。Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.2Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Herjobistocleanthehall.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.ReadingisimportantinlearningEnglish.Lookingafterthepatientisanurse'sjob.Hesleptinthesleepingbag.Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.（=Onhearingtheirteacher'svoice…=Whentheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupils…Don'tbecarelesswhen/whilehavinganexam.=Don'tbecarelessinhavinganexam.=Don'tbecarelesswhen/whileyouarehavinganexam.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.=Becausehedidn’tknowhowto…Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.=…,whichcausedthedelay.Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.=Theyoungmanwhositsbetween…isthe….Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.(=Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere.)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状语.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.I.先对比，再做题。1.Gentlemenalwaysshakehandswhentheyareintroducedtoeachother.2.Gentlemenalwaysshakehandswhenintroducedtoeachother.3.Whilewewerewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.4Whilewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.5.Theoldmanwalkedslowly.Hewassupportedbyhislittlegrandson.6Supportedbyhislittlegrandson,theoldmanwalkedslowly.7.Thegroundwhichiscoveredwithwhitesnowlooksverybeautiful.8Thegroundcoveredwithwhitesnowlooksverybeautiful.9.Thereisatalltreewhichcoverstheentrancetothecave.10Thereisatalltreecoveringtheentrancetothecave.11.Theworkerwrotetothepoliceand_____________(disclose)who_________(steal)themoney.12Theworkerwrotetothepolice,_____________(disclose)who_________(steal)themoney.13.Lookroundwhenyou(cross)thestreet.314Lookroundwhen(cross)thestreet.15.Whenshe(hear)thenews,sheburstintolaughter.16(hear)thenews,sheburstintolaughter.II.完成句子(非谓语)。1Aroundtheendofthefirstcentury,aRomanwriter_______(call)Plinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruption.2Oneperson,_______(sit)alone,lookslikeheispraying.3Annewasbroughtin________(help)Helen.4Herfirstgoalwas____(stop)Helen’stroublesomebehaviour.5Helenwouldhavetolearntounderstandwords______(spell)onherhand.6Theword“think”wassuchadifficultoneforHelenbutshehadabreakthroughwhile_______(work)onasimpletask.7Hemakesanattempt_____(eat)it,butitisclearfromthelookonhisfacethathefindsthetastetruly________(disgust).8Hesmilesandnods,________(indicate)everythingisfine.9Whenhelooksatthemenu,an_________(astonish)lookswiftlyappearsonhisface.10Uncertainabouthowtofixthem,shestopped_____(think).III、用动词的适当形式填空(含谓语非谓语)1.Duringthesummerholidayof2005,I________(think)Ishoulddosomethingmeaningfulinsteadof_________(stay)athomeand_________(watch)TV.2.IgotajobataKFCfastfoodrestaurantand________(work)thereasacleaner.3.Afterall,I________(stick)toitwithmydeterminationatthattime.4.Noonecanavoid___________(influence)byadvertisements.5.Radio,televisionandcomputershavemadeitpossibleforadvertisements__________(attract)theattentionofmillionsofpeople.6.Meanwhile,_________(make)anadvertisement,alotofpeoplewillhavetoworktogether.7.Inaword,_________(advertise)isanimportantbusiness.8.AboutfiftyAmericanstudentswillcome_________(visit)ourschoolonOctober22nd.9.Wemust_________(talk)withtheminEnglish.10.Please_________(be)friendlyandcourteoustothem.11.IhavereceivedyourletterandI’mglad_______(give)yousomesuggestions.12.Fistofall,don’tbe_________(disappoint).13.Manystudentsfinditdifficult_________(write)well.14.Inmyopinion,ifyouwant_________(improve)yourwriting,youshoulddothe_________(follow)things.15.Thenyou’llbeable__________(use)themcorrectlyyourse