京剧的英文介绍

Thegem--BeijingOpera国粹——京剧Chinesetraditionaloperaisconsideredoneoftheworld'sthreeancientoperas,togetherwithGreektragedyandcomedy,andIndianSanskritopera.Amongthemorethan360ancientlocaloperasinChina,PekingOperaisknownasChina’snationalopera,despiteitscomparativelyyoung200-yearhistory.Origin京剧非“京”OperaAlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera,theoriginsofPekingOperaarenotinBeijingbutintheprovincesofAnhui(EastChina)andHubei(South-centralChina).Itsriseisdueingreatparttothefavorableeyesandpatronageoftheimperialroyalties.京味道PekingisapurelyChineseoperaformdatingbacktotheyear1790,whenthefamousFourAnhuiOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijingincelebrationofthe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlong(1711-1799)oftheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Thetourwasahitandthetroupesstayed.In1828,somefamousHubeiOperaTroupeplayerscametoBeijing.TheartistsofHubeiandAnhuitroupesoftenjointlyperformedonthestageandabsorbedrepertoires,music,ariasandperformingtechniquesofeachotherandfromotheroperaslikeKunQu,QinQiangandBangZi,aswellasthelocaldialectandcustomsofBeijing.Itsrepertoiresmainlydepictfairytalesofprecedingdynastiesandimportanthistoricalevents.湖北，安徽剧团的艺术家经常在舞台上共同表演和吸收的剧目，在音乐，曲调和表演技巧方面与其它剧种相互吸收。如昆曲，秦腔和梆子，以及当地的方言和北京海关的表演技巧。其剧目主要描绘古老神话故事和重要的历史事件Itwasafter1840thatPekingOperaformallytookshape,growingevenfasterduringthereignoftheEmpressDowagerCixi(1835-1908),whowasanoperaaficionado.ClassicPekingOperarepertoiresandthenamesofthefirst-generationmasterswereonthelipsofthepeopleinBeijing,andeventuallyprevalentaroundthecountry.京剧是1840年以后正式形成了，慈禧太后（1835至1908年）是一个歌剧爱好者，在位期间京剧发展得更快。经典京剧剧目和第一代大师的名字，经过人民的传诵，并最终在全国各地普遍存在。生Sheng:mainmalerole老生小生武生旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale正旦（青衣）：泛指旦中正角，不表现确定的性格特征。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale花旦：花旦扮演性格活泼明快或泼辣放荡的青年或中年女性，并常带喜剧色彩。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale武旦：扮演擅长武艺的女性形象。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale老旦：扮演老年妇女。旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemale彩旦:一作丑旦、丑婆子，秦腔里也称之为媒旦。扮演女性中的喜剧或闹剧人物，实为女丑，故常由丑行兼扮净Jing:paintedfacedmale净:主要扮演性格、品质或相貌不同于一般、有突出特征的男性人物。丑Chou:clown,maleorfemaleSuchreformshavetakentheformofcreatingaschoolofperformancetheorytoincreaseperformancequality,utilizing（利用）modernelementstoattractnewaudiences,andperformingnewplaysoutsideofthetraditionalcanon.（打破陈规）ThedevelopmentInadditiontomoreformalreformmeasures,Beijingoperatroupesalsoadoptedmoreunofficialchanges.Someofthoseseenintraditionalworkshavebeencalledtechniquefortechnique'ssake.ThishasincludedtheuseofextendedhighpitchsequencesbyfemaleDan（旦）,andtheadditionoflengthiermovementsectionsandpercussionsequencestotraditionalworks.开拓市场Tosurviveinanincreasinglyopenmarket,troupesliketheShanghaiJingjuCompanyneededtobringtraditionalBeijingoperatonewaudiences.Todothis,theyhaveofferedanincreasingnumberoffreeperformancesinpublicplaces.因此，他们在公共场所提供免费演出的越来越多Thanks~