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动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词，形容词和副词的句法功能否定式：not+不定式不定式的时态一般说来，不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。如：Whoheardhimsaythat?Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，如：Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前，如：Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother.不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，如：It'snicetohearyourvoice.（2）作表语Herwishistobecomeanartist.（3）作宾语常用于及物动词:want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,offer,prefer,begin,start,attempt,decide,determine,expect,promise,pretend,refuse,afford,manage,help等之后，如：Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.注1：如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置，如：Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.注2：不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如:but,except等后边才行。此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如：Inverycoldwinterweatheracold-bloodedanimalhasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Therewasnothinglefttodobutcleanthewindows.(前边有do,to省略)但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语，如：Ihavenoideaaboutwhattodonext.（4）作宾语补足语通常用于及物动词或动词短语：want,wish,ask,order,beg,tell,permit,know,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,require,callon,waitfor等之后，如：Theteacheraskedthestudentstohandintheirhomework.（5）作定语不定式作定语时，须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。Ihavealotofworktodo.[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的,不定式用主动。试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tosend的逻辑主语是you)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式tobesent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someoneelse)I'vegotletterstowrite.Hehassomethingtosaytoyou.（6）作状语作修饰动词的目的状语Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.作修饰动词的结果状语加强意料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only，如：Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.作修饰表语形容词的状语:修饰形容词的不定式用主动:Thechairiscomfortabletositin.作结果状语或程度状语。too+形容词(或副词)+todo太-----(以致)不能(做)Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.形容词(或副词)+enough+todo-------足以(做)[来源:学科网]Istheboyoldenoughtogotoschool?（7）作独立成分TotellyouthetruthTocutalongstoryshortTobeginwith(首先)不定式的复合结构“for+名词(或代词宾语)+todosth.”[来源:Zxxk.Com]这种结构中的for本身无意义，for后的名词或代词(宾格)是不定式的逻辑主语Thisisforyoutodecide.句型1：Itis+forsb.todosth.句型2：Itis+ofsb.todosth.good,kind,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,rude,impolite,careless,naughty等不定式省去to的情况（1）当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式往往把to省去。如：Iwishedtofinishmyhomeworkand(to)getaway.但是，如果是在对照的场合，则不可以省去“to”，如：Itisbettertolaughthancry.(wrong)（2）在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat和使役动词let,make,have的复合宾语中，不定式须省去to。如：Iamadoctor.Letmeexamineyou.（3）在help的复合宾语中，不定式可以带to也可以不带to.Heoftenhelpsme(to)domyhomework.（4）hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather---than,cannotbut,---You'dbetterremainwhereyouare.精选练习Ⅰ、翻译句子1.________________________________(保卫祖国)isoursacredduty.2.Itisanhonor__________________________(全心全意为人民服务).3.Itwasnotcorrect________________________(那样谈话).4.Itwasamistake____________________(不继续这项工作).5.Itwasstupid_______________________(我没有采纳你的意见).6.Herwishis___________________(当一名科学家).7.Ourmaintaskis_________________(努力学习).8.Themainpurposeofacamerais______________(照相).9.Whatworriesmeis___________________(在会上该说些什么).10.WhatIwantedwas_______________________(使这项工作尽快完成).11.Iforget___________________________(在信里提那件事了).12.WithouthesitationLaoListoppedhistruckandhelped_____________________(把一袋袋的粮食运到安全的地方).13.Wouldyoulike___________________________(出席这次会议).14.I'llshowyou____________________________(怎样使用计算器).15.Ifound________________________________(不可能使她改变主意).16.Thedoctortold_____________________________(病人们好好休息).17.Ididn'texpect______________________________(问题那样复杂).18.Didyounotice______________________________(有人离开房子吗)?19.Manmustmake_______________________________(地球养活更多的人).20.Youmustget_________________________________(他今晚到这里来一趟).21.Doyouhave__________________________________(什么问题要问)?22.JohnBairdfound_______________________________(用无线电传送图像的方法).23.Thereare______________________________________(很多事情要谈)24.Heisnot_________________________________(只想自己的人).25.It'stime__________________________________(你起床).26.Hewasdelighted____________________________(看见她身体这样好).27.Thisbookis_______________________________(不容易懂).28.Helikednewclothessomuchthathespentallhistimeandallhismoney________(为了穿得漂亮).29.Youmustspeaklouder________________________(以便让大家都听见).30.Shewas______________________________(气得说不出一句话来).Ⅱ、单项选择1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.A.don'tB.notC.willnotD.notto2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.A.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn'ttakeD.nottomake3.Tellhim_______thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.r