初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

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1/36一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在中,当主语是时,谓语动词要用形式,即常在后加-s或-es。一、he,she,it是第三人称单数。如:HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于它,单数名词用is,都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:①HanMeilookslikehermother.看起来像她的母亲。②BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。2/36③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或this/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:①Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。②Thisbookisyours.这本书是你的。四、someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:①Everyoneishere.大家到齐了。②Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.这块手表有毛病。五、作主语时为第三人称单数。如:①Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在里。②Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:①6isaluckynumber.6是个吉利数字。【练习】二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)3/361.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were肯定句式:主语+be(was,were)+其它.否定句式:主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它?注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句式:主语+动词(过去式)+其它否定句式:主语+didn’t+动词(原形)+其它【didnot=didn’t】一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它【do,does的过去时均为did】?注:1.did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。2.实意动词do的一般过去时Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改写句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididn’tdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否定句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.(一般疑问句)3.情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。4/36肯定句式:主语+情态动词+其它否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+其它.一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+其它?注:情态动词的过去式:can→could,may→might,must→must,will-would,should-should。4.特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?Whatwasyourformername?你以前叫什么名字?WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?上星期一他为什么迟到?Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago?20年前她能做什么?规则动词的过去式1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。live→liveduse→usedtaste-tasted3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed。study→studiedtry→triedfly→flied4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。stop→stoppedplan→plannedstop-stoppedprefer→preferred基本用法①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。5/36Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?11.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.12.GaoShan_______(put)upthepicturelastnight.13.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday.6/3614.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?15.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.17.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.18.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求变换句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)_______Frank_______aninterestingbookabouthistory?2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow..(划线提问)What________he_______?3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)Thomas______________RMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(划线提问)________________________family_______lastweek?1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.7/366.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成:be+现在分词。be应为,应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing,如:work-workingstudy-studying2.动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing,如:make-makingdance-dancing3.重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing,如:put-puttingbegin-beginning4.以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ing,如:lie-lyingtie-tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式dance______shop_______play______________speak_______have_______work________write_______take________study________sit________sing________swim________lie________变化:8/36式:主语+be(am,is,are)++其它.式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not++其它.:Be(am,is,are)+主语++其它?:+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?对现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