1反义疑问句【反义疑问句】(一)概念:反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。(二)要点注意:1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是:“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”。2、简略问句如果是否定式:not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。3、简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词。4、陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句。(三)用法:1)陈述部分Iam时,疑问部分要用aren'tI.I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)2)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little,seldom,hardly等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。如:Theoldmanmadenoanswer,didhe?Jimisneverlateforschool,ishe?3)陈述部分有情态动词haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?usedto,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?hadbetter(最好)+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?4)陈述部分有wouldrather(宁可、宁愿)+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?5陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?6)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,isn'tit?陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?(doesn’the?)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)7)think引导的宾语从句:A.主语是第一人称Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?B.如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句Hethoughttheywerewrong,didn'the?(不能说weren'tthey?)8)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。Don'tdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?2Let's开头的祈使句,后用shallwe(或用shan'twe)?而Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou(或won'tyou)?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe(或用shan'twe)?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou(或won'tyou)?9)陈述部分是therebe结构的,疑问部分用there。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?10)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。Itisimpossible,isn'tit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主语一般词语附加疑问句中主语用和主语一致的主语,用主格。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是(1)everyone,noone,nobody等时,后面的疑问句应表示为:Everyoneisintheclassroom,aren'tthey?(基本不用单数,但也可用he)Nobodywillgo,willthey?(2)everything,anything,nothing,something时,附加疑问句中主语一般用it不用they(3)this,that,或those,these时,附加疑问句中主语用it和they.特殊句型否定意义的词(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom,hardly,few,little,barely,scarcely,nothing等否定意义的词时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:Therearefewapplesinthebasket,arethere?Hecanhardlyswim,canhe?Theyseldomcomelate,dothey?(2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:Helooksunhappy,doesn'the?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?Thegirldislikeshistory,doesn'tshe?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?表示主语主观意愿的词含有think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。(1)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。例如:3Idon'tbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,canhe?Wedon'timaginethetwinshavearrived,havethey?此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为Yes,theyhave.;若尚未到达,使用No,theyhaven't.。(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...)。例如:Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。hadbetter或have陈述部分有hadbetter,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:You’dbettergetupearly,hadn’tyou?其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:-Hehastwosisters,doesn'the?-Hedoesn'thaveanysisters,doeshe?祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达当开头是Let‘s时,一定要用shallwe。其余都用willyou(包括Letus)不论肯定否定Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?Letusgooutforawalk,willyou?Letmehelpyou,mayI?Turnontheradio,willyou?Therebe句型Therebe句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be动词+thereTherearesomeapplesinthebasket,aren'tthere?Thereisn'tanymilkleft,isthere?must当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must.Youmustn'tstopyourcarhere,mustyou?你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?(2)must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't.Theymustfinishtheworktoday,needn'tthey?他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。HemustbegoodatEnglish,isn'the?他英语一定学得很好,是吗?(4)当must+havedone表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。Shemusthavereadthenovellastweek,didn'tshe?她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?4Youmusthavetoldheraboutit,haven'tyou?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?回答反意疑问句的回答用yes,no,但是,回答意思相反,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如:Theydon’tworkhard,dothey?他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes,theydo.不,他们工作努力。/No,theydon’t.对,他们工作不努力肯定反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:Itisn’tcheap,isit?Yes,itis.“它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”Hedoesn’tloveher,doeshe?No,hedoesn’t.“他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他不爱她。”此时,Yes即不,对前面Itisn'tcheap.的否定。否定反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:It’snew,isn’tit?Yes,itis.“是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的。”Hewantstogo,doesn’the?No,hedoesn’t.“他想去,对吗?”“不,他不想去。”此时,No即是,对前面It'snew.的肯定。回答反意疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,“Itisabeautifulflower,isn'tit?”“Itisn'tabeautifulflower,isit?”肯定均为“Yes,itis.否定为“No,itisn't.快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分Iaren'tIWishmay+主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,肯定含义rarely,little等否定含义的词oughtto(肯定的)shouldn't/oughtn't+主语haveto+v.(hadto+v.)don't+主语(didn't+主语)usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语hadbetter+v.hadn'tyouwouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语5