精品—名词性从句课件

名词性从句Unit1TheworldofoursenseGrammarNounclause名词性从句名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.ⅠSubjectclause引导主语从句的连词主要有:一.由that引导的主从:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)★that不作成分，无意义,但不能省略.后接一个完整的陈述句.ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechancethatwhether疑问词注：that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That引导的主从，常用形式主语it代替，that从句后移。Thatweneedtimeisobvious.Itisobviousthatweneedtime.2.What引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。。。的东西Whatweneedistime.Whathesaiditistrue.What引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。Whatweneedtime.Whathegavemearetwobooks.iswhat引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。例如：1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别3.由whether引导的主从:e.g.Whetherhe’llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.★主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.陈述语序4.疑问词引导的主语从句what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how原则:缺什么补什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Whowillwinthegameisnotclear.Wherehewillgoisunknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme.Howwecangetthereisaproblem.1.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2.______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How3.It’snotclear________wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.ThatAEx.CA二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.ⅡObjectclause★引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1.that引导的宾从Shesensedshewasbeingwatching.Webelieveheishonest.ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon.★单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.thatif/whether疑问词thatthatthat＊如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略..Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.2.if/whether引导的宾从如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导e.g.Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomeontime.★if和whether的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用;2)Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if;whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.主语从句不能用ifWhetherhewillcomeisunknown.2.表语从句不能用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位语从句不能用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.6.Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf3.疑问词引导的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.Idon’tknowwherehelives.Idon’tknowwherehe’llvisit.3.疑问词引导的宾从练习1.Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.2.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.3.Theteacherasked______Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates.A.whatB.thatC.howD.if4.Wethought______strangethatshedidn’tcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatwhowhatCBdoubt用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Doubt用于否定句，疑问句，用thatIdon’tdoubtthathewillcometomorrow.Doyoudoubtthat…?5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest,insist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that主+should+V原形，should可省略。Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce.HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet.ⅡObjectclause★宾语从句的注意点：1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.Webelieveheishonest.2.如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.that3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序1.Thephotographswillshowyou_________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine______whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_______foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidBCD4.宾语从句的时态呼应1）.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves____________________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme____________________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2）.Hetoldme.‘Iampreparingfortheexam.’Hetoldme.‘Ihaveleftmyhometownformanyyears.3）.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。Theteachertoldus_________________.Hetoldmehewaspreparingfortheexam.Hetoldmehehadlefthishometownformanyyears.theea