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Grammarandusage★To-infinitive★Bareinfinitive★Verb-ingformasanounI.To-infinitiveReviewthebasicsentenceselements.1.IwaswatchinganEnglishprogrammeat8o'clockyesterday.I-----waswatching-----anEnglishprogramme-----at8o'clockyesterday----subjectobjectpredicateadverbial2.Thegamesof2006WorldCupareexciting.exciting----3.Ilostmyhistorybook.history----4.Hemadetheroomcleanandtidy.cleanandtidy----predicativecomplementattributeTheto-infinitivecanbeusedaloneoraspartofaninfinitivephraseandtheto-infinitivecanserveasthesubject,object,objectcomplement,attribute,predicativeoradverbialofasentence.（主语，宾语，宾语补语，定语，表语，状语）1.theto-infinitiveusedasthesubject不定式作主语eg.Toobeylawiseveryone'sduty遵纪守法是每个人的职责。Toknowoneselfisdifficult.了解自己是困难的。Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。ItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。注意：当主语不定式结构太长时，或尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用代词it作形式主语。Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?不定式作主语常见句型：a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)+不定式c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.It’smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNanjingNo.3MiddleSchool.不定式复合结构:以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状等。Itisnecessaryforustogothere.(主语)Thereisnoneedforhimtoleave.(定语)Mysuggestionisforyoutodothejob.(表语)如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.Itwasfoolishofhimtobelieveher.Ithinkitwiseofhernottoaccepttheiroffer.2.theto-infinitiveusedastheobject不定式作宾语eg.Hemanagedtosolvetheproblembyhimself.他自己设法解决了问题。Iliketoreadnewspaperarticlesaboutsports.我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。Amywantstoknowmoreaboutthefilm.安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的况。Thefollowingwordsareusuallyfollowedbytheto-infinitiveastheobject:want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,mean,expect,choose,prefer.3.theto-infinitiveusedastheobjectcomplement不定式作宾语补足语eg.I'dlikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。Theteacheraskedustofinishtheworktoday.老师要我们今天完成工作。TellJacktoclosethewindow,please.请让杰克关上窗户。当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.b)只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do,does,did时，通常省略to。Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.动词make,let,have,hear,see,feel,watch,lookat,listento;notice和observe后的宾语补足语，可省去to。但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to.eg.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.老板让工人们每天工作14小时。Thebossmadeherworklonghours.主语谓语宾语宾补She主语wasmade谓语towork主补longhours(byherboss).4.theto-infinitiveusedasthepredicative不定式作表语eg.Mywishistobeadoctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.我们的计划是两周内完这项工作。WhatIneedmostnowistohaveagoodrest.我现在最需要的是好好休息。Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.5.theto-infinitiveusedastheattribute不定式作定语eg.Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多工作要做。Ihavenoonetotalkto.我没有一个可以交谈的人。Heislookingforahousetolivein.他正在找房子住。6.theto-infinitiveusedasadverbialofasentencetoshowreason,purposeorresult不定式作句子的原因、目的和结果状语eg.Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.(purpose)他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.(reason)萨姆听得这个消息很吃惊。（原因）HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.(result)他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）Whenweuseto-infinitiveastheresultadverbial,itmeanstheresultisunexpectedorsurprising.eg.Hehurriedtotherailstation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.①soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的状语2005年辽宁卷22题：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving②在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…结构中不定式作结果状语，其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的结果。Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound③enoughto,too…to结构Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.④形容词（glad,happy,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构作原因状语I’mgladtomeetyou.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如tobefrank（坦白地说），tobesure（确实）等。Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.7.thecontinuousandperfectformsoftheto-infinitive不定式的进行式和完成式Whentheteachercamein,thestudentspretendedtobereadingloudly.当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声读书。①不定式的进行式：tobe+V-ing,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。eg.Sheseemedtohaveheardofitalready.她似乎已经听说过这件事了。②不定式完成式：tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2005年江苏卷No.25---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft2006年四川卷No.26TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames_____inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheldThebookissaidtohaveb