过去完成时

第1页共5页过去完成时构成：过去完成时由“had+动词的过去分词”构成，had通常用于任何人称过去完成时肯定式：主语+had+过去分词否定式：主语+had+not+过去分词疑问式：Had+主语+过去分词基本用法：在过去某一时刻之前就已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。强调“过去的过去”。要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间，即它相对于一个过去时间而言，并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来，有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现：①ThepenIthoughtIhadlostisonmydesk，rightundermynose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。②Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。③Iarrivedlate;Ihadn’texpectedtheroadtobesoicy.④Theyoungman,whenquestionedwhyhehadbrokenthelaw,justlookedatthepolicemanandsaidnothing.⑤Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhehadseenhersomewhere.⑥Thelittlegirlcriedherheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.⑦Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.⑧Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkIhadgiventohalfadozenothergroups.⑨Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.Shehadn’tflownbefore.⑩FatherhadleftforLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.IfoundthewatchwhichIhadlost.我找到了我丢失的表。根据上下文的时间关系来确定。如：①JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwehadseeneachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.②Shefeltanxiousabouthersonasshehadn’theardformhimforquitealongtime.③WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.Hehadneverseenherbefore④A:DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?B:Yes,hedid.Hehadn’tseenhisoldfriendsforalongtime.⑤A:Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.B:Oh!Ithoughttheyhadgonewithoutme.⑥A:HaveyouseenMichaelrecently?B:Yes,infactIsawhimthismorning.Ihadn’tseenhimfortwoyears.⑦A:AreyougladthatyoucametoWashington?第2页共5页B:Yes,indeed.IhadconsideredgoingtoNewYorkorBoston,butI’vneverregrettedmydecision.⑧A:DidyouknowanyFrenchbeforeyouarrivesinWashington?B:NeverhadIlearnedit,actually.Thehousewasquiet.Everybodyhadgonetobed.屋子里很安静，大家都睡觉了。WasJackattheoffice?No,he’dgonehome.“杰克在办公室吗?”“不在，主语＋过去完成时＋by短语①Ihadfinishedwritingmycompositionby10:00thismorning.②Wehadlearnedfourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.③Bytheendoflastmonth,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.④Thenewsuspensionbridgehadbeendesignedbytheendoflastweek.Bysixo’clockhehadworkedtwelvehours.到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时主语＋过去完成时＋bythetime引导的从句①Hehadalreadybuilthisownlabbythetimehewasten.到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实验室。②Ihadfinishedthisworkbythetimeyoucameback.③BythetimeyouarrivedinBeijing,Ihadstayedtherefortwodays用在含有when的主从复合句中由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系，故先发生的动作应用过去完成时，后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句，也可能是从句。例如：Whenallhismoneyhadbeenusedup,Peterhadtoturntoafriendforhelp.有时，主句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确，两个动作紧接着发生，前一动作导致后一动作，这时两者均用一般过去时即可。例如：Whenthemeetingwasover,weleftthehall.散会后，我们就离开了大厅。HehadleftwhenIarrived.当我到达时他已经离开Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.用在含有after的主从复合句中在含有after的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用过去完成时，主句中使用一般过去时。例如：Afterhehaddonehishomework,hewentouttoplayfootball.因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系，因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.用在含有before的主从复合句中用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如：Lilyhadwrittensomelettersbeforeshewentoutshopping.有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。第3页共5页试比较：Wegottothestationbeforethetrainhadleft.火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。Wehadgottothestationbeforethetrainleft.火车开出之前我们就已经到了车站。像after一样，before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如：Manypeopleleftforhomebeforethefilmended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。用于并列句：一个并列句用的是过去式，如果另一个并列句表示的动作早于过去式这一动作，这时需用过去完成时。例如：Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。与一般过去时弄混：例：Shelived(live)inNewYorkforeightyearsbeforehecametoChina.答案：hadlived解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。1WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.Ahas;beensentBhad;sentChas;sentDhad;beensent2We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDwillhavelearned3HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad4Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwill5She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome6HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying7Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.Ahasbegun;getBhasbeenon;getChadbegun;gotDhadbeenon;got二、1WhenIreturnedhome,he_____(leave).2Bytenyesterdayevening,she________(finish)writing.3He______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.4It_________(stop)rainingwhenIwakeupthismorning.5I_____(notread)thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.6Shesaidshe____(be)bornin1992.7Whenhe_____(come)toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.8IsawHanMeiyesterday.We_____(notsee)eachothersinceleftBeijing.第4页共5页9WhenIgottohishome,he_____(go)tobed.10SheaskedifMr.Liu_____already_____(come)back.答案：１D2A3D4C5C6A7C答案：1hadleft2hadfinished3hadstudied4hadstopped5didn'tread6was7camehadlearned8hadn'tseen9hadgone10hadcome专项练习：1WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____to