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Wecanseethatthestudentsareplayingcellphonesinclass.Whattheyaredoingmakestheteacherveryunhappy.Thereasonisthatherstudentsarenotlisteningtoher.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwilldoitlikethesestudents.宾语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句Thefactthatstudentsplaycellphonesinclassisverycommon.同位语从句请大声朗读下列几组例句•常规主语从句•1.WhatIsawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.•2.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.•3.Whythecompanydeniedthecontractisstillunknown.•4.Whenandwherethegovernmentwillbuildacitysquareisunderdiscussion.•非常规主语从句•5.Itisapitythatwewon'tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.•6.Itisprettyannoyingthatasmallpartofthemachineismissing.•7.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewnovelwillbewellreceived.•8.ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.•9.Itissuggestedthatthework(should)bedonewithgreatcare.主语从句•.用it作形式主语的结构•(1)Itis＋名词＋从句•Itisafactthat…•Itisanhonorthat•Itiscommonknowledgethat•(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句•Itisnaturalthat…•Itisstrangethat…•(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句•Itseemsthat…•Ithappenedthat…•Itappearsthat…•(4)It＋过去分词＋从句•Itisreportedthat…•Ithasbeenprovedthat…•Itissaidthat…（5)虚拟语气：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…•Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…•主语从句•1.作动词的宾语（时态，语序，连接词）•1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)•Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.•Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.•2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句•a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.•b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.•3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句•Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.•4）动词一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command,三个建议suggest,propose,advice,四个要求ask,require,request,demand等用虚拟语气(suggest—suggested—suggestion)•Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.宾语从句•2.作介词的宾语•Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.••3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.表语从句。•10.Ourproblemiswherewecanfindmorehelp.•11.MyadviceisthatyoushouldpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.•12.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.•13.Thatwaswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.•It做形式宾语•动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.•Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.•IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.•IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.•Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.•否定前移•主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.•Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.(试变反意疑问句）•Itoldyouheisn’tstrong.(试变反意疑问句）表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词（be,look,remain,seem）的后面，常用结构有thereasonisthat…，itisbecause，thatiswhy...，thatisthereasonwhy...，thisiswhere(when,how,etc.)…。1.Theonlyquestionleftishowoftentheworkersarepaid.2.Hisideaforthecomingweekendisthatwegoskating.3.ThisiswhereIwasbornandbroughtup.表语从句抽象名词，即“有内容的名词”需要进一步解释，如fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等，由that引导时，that不可以省略。1.Thatfactthatthepolicemandidn’tfireatthemanatallwasignored.2.Doyouhaveanyideawhatisgoingonintheclassroom.3.Thepossibilitythatwecanworkathomemakeseverybodyexcited.4.WordcamethathewouldbethenextpresidentofChina.同位语从句连接副词:when,where,how,why连接代词:who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever既起连接作用，本身又做从句的成分。名词性从句引导词的选择三步骤•步骤一：如果从句中缺少主语，或者宾语，或者表语，则考虑用连接代词；•What,who,which,whose,whatever…•步骤二：如果从句中既不缺少主语，宾语，也不缺少表语，但是缺少一定意义的状语，则考虑用连接副词；where,when,why,how…•步骤三：如果既不缺少主语，宾语，表语，也不缺少状语，则考虑用从属连词。•that,whether,if,asif_____makestheteacherangryis_____thechilddoesn’tknowtheanswer.WhatthatThenews____LiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesbroughtChinesegreathappiness.LiuXiangthat1.Thenewscame_____MoyanwontheNobelprizeforliterature.2.Thereason_____wearesohappyis_____MoyanisthefirstChinesewritertowintheNobelPrize.thatwhythatWhenshallwemeet?Itdependsonyou.Whenweshallmeetdependsonyou.Webringmanythingshere.Thosecanbekeptinthecabinet.Whatwebringherecanbekeptinthecabinet.Herhairwasturninggrey.Itworriedher.Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedher.Hesaidsomethingatthemeeting.Itshockedeverybody.Whathesaidatthemeetingshockedeverybody.Jointhesentences–TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet.–Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.–Timetravelispossible.–Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.•ThefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.•Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.–Mr.SmithsaidalotonhowtolearnEnglish.–Hiswordsgaveusalotofhelp.–Thewinnerwillgetthebigprize.–Theresultofthegamewillbeunfoldedtonight.•WhatMr.SmithsaidonhowtolearnEnglishgaveusalotofhelp.•Whoeverwinsthegamewillgetthebigprize.一.同位语从句属名词性从句，即所引导的从句相当于一个“名词”；定语从句相当于一个“形容词”二.that在定语从句中做成分（代词），作宾语时可以省；在同位语从句中不做成分（连词），不能省。1.ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(定）2.ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同）练：Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.辨析一：同位语从句vs定语从句thatItisimpossiblethatwecanpersuadehimtojoinus.(主语从句)ItiswithTom’shelpthatwewereabletopersuadehimtojoinus.(强调句型)辨析二：主语从句vs强调句型判断强调句1．基本式：Itwasonthetopofthemountainthatwemettheforeigntourist.2.一般疑问句式：Wasitonthetopofthemountainthatyoumettheforeigntourist?3.特殊疑问句式：Wherewasitthatyoumettheforeigntourist?4．复合句式：Canyoutellmewhereitwas