5.-Omission

5.OmissionOmissionOmissionisatechniqueoppositetoamplification.OneofthemarkeddifferenceinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChineseisthedisparityinwording.Whatisregardedasanaturalorindispensableelementinonelanguagemayberegardedassuperfluousoreven“astumblingblock”intheother.OmissioninE-CTranslationGenerallyspeaking,omissioninEnglish-Chinesetranslationisusedtoachievetheeffectofsuccinctness,especiallyinthecasesofEnglishpronounsandfunctionalwordssuchasthearticle,thepreposition,theconjunction,etc.OmittingthePronounPronounsaremorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.Therefore,whentranslatedintoChinese,manyEnglishpronounsmaybeomittedsoastoconformtherenderingtotheaccustomedusageofChineseexpression.Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwriting,itspathanditsgarden.两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。Theywentintodinner.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony,butevenwithfriendliness.他们进入餐室用餐。美酒佳肴，顿受感染，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满友好之情。OmittingtheArticleThearticleisthehallmarkofEnglishnouns.WhentranslatedintoChinese,itisusuallyomittedexceptwhentheindefinitearticleisintendedtoindicatethenumeral“one”or“acertain”.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid,oragas.任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。Thedirectionofaforcecanberepresentedbyanarrow.力的方向可以用箭头表示。OmittingthePrepositionChineseischaracterizedbyitssuccinctnessandtheprepositionappearslessfrequentlyinChinesethaninEnglish,andthereforeomissionofprepositionisacommonpracticeinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共场所不许吸烟。Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。OmittingtheConjunctionChineseisconsideredananalyticlanguageandmanyconjunctionsthatareindispensableinEnglishmayseemredundantinChinese.Helookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedin.早知如此，我就不参加了。Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。OmittingtheVerbAsChineseisalanguageofparataxis(意合连结)，itsgrammarisnotsostrictasthatofEnglish,andpredicativeverbsinChinesesometimesmayalsobeomitted.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.如同液体和气体一样，固体也能膨胀和收缩。Forthisreasontelevisionsignalshaveashortrange.因此，电视信号的传播距离很短。OmittingtheImpersonalPronoun“it”Thisoftenoccurswhen“it”standsfortime,weather,distance,orformalsubject/objectofasentence.Outsideitwaspitch-darkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。Itwasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.直到19世纪中叶，鼓风炉/高炉才开始使用。Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.(2005)若是一开始便固步自封，先入为主，求全责备，你就不可能最大限度地从所读的书中获益。/如果读书伊始便固步自封、处处设防，甚至批评挑剔，那么你就无法尽可能多地从阅读中获得最大的价值。Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson.(2004)只有去浇浇花草，或许，然后再注目每一株花草，将之视为活生生的人，我才能渐渐找回失去的自我。OmissioninC-ETranslationOmissioninC-Etranslationisusuallyusedtoavoidunnecessaryrepetition.Itisgenerallyemployedin3circumstances:1.redundantwordsinoriginalChinese,suchasunnecessaryrepetitionandwordyexpression;2.theoriginalmeaningthathasalreadybeenimpliedinthecontextoftheEnglishversion;3.theoriginalmeaningobviouslyshownintheEnglishversionwithoutfurtherelaboration.OmittingRedundantWords质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了他的工作。Ihavefulfilledmyassignedworkaheadofschedule,sohashe.OmittingWordsofConceptualCategorySometimes,omissionisusedinChinese-EnglishtranslationwhentheoriginalChineseindicatesnotaspecificcasebutaconceptualcategory,especiallysuchnounsas“任务、工作、情况、问题、事业、局面”andsoon.我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。Ourpartyhasputanendtothesocialunrestandupheavalofthattime.这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。Allthesearecontradictionsamongthepeople.她的朋友们听到她家中的苦难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。Afterherfriendsheardaboutherfamilydifficulties,theyofferedherahelpinghand.OmittingMeticulousDescriptionsOccasionally,omissionisusedtosimplifythesentencestructure,especiallywhentheoriginalChineseistoometiculousindescription.200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅，声如雷鸣。Numerousshoalsscatteredoverthe200kmcoursegiverisetomanyeddies.Poundingonthemidstreamrocks,theriverroarsthunderously.花园里面是人间乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。(2004)Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraisestocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead./Thenhappinessturnstoanger,praisetoscoldingandnit-picking,andhead-noddingtohead-shaking.尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、