英语时态8种基本时态讲解

英语时态8种基本时态讲解一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二．种类：（基本时态）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时三．用法：1．一般现在时：1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋…Sheisanengineer.Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.3）注意：a)一般现在时通常与always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等时间状语连用。IalwayswatchTVat8:00intheevening.Theygohomeonceaweek.Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.b)表客观现实或普遍真理。Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.c)表永远性的动作或状态。Helivesinthecountry.4）第三人称单数变化形式。a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s.come---comesspeak---speakswork---workslive---livesb)以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do---doesgo---goesfinish---finishesbrush---brushesfix---fixespass---passeswatch---watchesc)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.Study---studiescarry-carriescry---criesd)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play---playsstay---stays例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。我在早上七点半起床。他每天七点去上班。我们经常下午打篮球。他喜欢音乐。地球围绕太阳转。火车六点出发。5）否定句和疑问句。a)-----Heisanengineer.-----Heisn’tanengineer.-----Isheanengineer?-----Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.b)----Wegetupat7:30inthemorning.-----Wedon’tgetupat7:30inthemorning.-----Doyougetupat7:30inthemorning?-----Yes,wedo./No,wedon’t.c)----Helikesmusic.-----Hedoesn’tlikemusic.-----Doeshelikemusic?-----Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.2．一般过去时1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等连用。Iwasastudent6yearsago.IwenttoBeijinglastyear.Theysawafilmlastnight.2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.过去时＋宾语＋…例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑问句。a)----Hewasbusyyesterday.-----Hewasn’tbusy.-----Washebusy?-----Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.b)----Hesmokedlastyear.-----Hedidn’tsmokelastyear.-----Didhesmokelastyear?-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.c)----Hejoinedthearmyin1990.-----Hedidn’tjoinedthearmyin1990.-----Didhejointhearmyin1990?-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.4）动词过去式变化规则。a)一般情况下的词加-ed.work---workedcall----calledlaugh----laughedExplain----explainedfinish----finishedknock----knockedb)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d.live----livedchange----changedsmoke----smokeddie----diedgraduate----graduateddrive----drovec)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.study----studiedcarry----carriedcry----criedtry----triedmarry----marriedd)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.play----playedstay----stayede)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.stop----stoppedplan----plannedpat----pattedf)动词不规则变化：do----didgo----wentcome----camerun----ranwrite----wrotebegin----begandrink----drankkeep----keptleave----leftsleep----sleptmake----madelie----laydig----dugeat----ateknow----knewcut----cutset----setlet----letread----readhurt----hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。去年我买了一辆自行车。每天晚上我听音乐。她通常待在家里。两天前我完成了这项工作。复习：1)I(be)ateacher2yearsago.2)He(be)astudentnow.3)He(do)hishomeworkathomeeveryday.4)They(join)thePartyin1998.5)We(noteat)applesyesterday.6)We(notplay)basketballeveryday.7)He(notgo)homeonceaweek.8)Iam16yearsold.(划线部分提问)9)Igotoworkat8:00everymorning.(划线部分提问)10)TheyjoinedthePartyin1990.(划线部分提问)11)IwenttoBeijinglastyear.(划线部分提问)3．一般将来时1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等连用。2)句型结构：主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall）IshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.----Shewillbe20yearsold.----Willshebe20yearsold?----Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.3)主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…be(am,is,are)goingtoTheywillhaveameetingnextSunday.(will=aregoingto)----WhatwilltheydonextSunday?----Whenwilltheyhaveameeting?4)beaboutto＋V.原形Iamabouttoleaveschool.不能与表示时间的副词连用。Theyareabouttosetout.(√)Theyareabouttosetoutsoon.(×)复习题：1.He(do)hishomeworkatschooleveryday.2.They(finish)theirworkyesterday.3.We(visit)theirfarmnextyear.4.我半小时后要吃午饭。5.他将骑自行车去学校。6.他们下周日将去买汽车。4．过去将来时1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。2）基本结构：主语+would/shouldwas/weregoingto+V.原形+…Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.(Hesaysthathewillnaveameetingnextweek.)Theysaidweshouldleaveschooltomorrow.(Theysayweshallleaveschooltomorrow.)5．现在进行时1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+…Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.Look!Theyaredancing.WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.It’sraininghardnow.3）动词现在分词的构成①一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo–doingread-readingwork–workingthink–thinkingstudy–studyinggo–goingwatch–watchingjump-jumping②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，应先去掉e然后加–inglike–likingtake–takingleave–leavinglive–livingreceive–receivingdance–dancingcome–comingsmoke–smokingwrite-writing③以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop–stoppingbegin–beginningdig–diggingswim–swimmingrun–runningsit–sitting(注意：listen–listeningopen–openingeat–eatingrain–rainingsleep-sleeping)6．过去进行时1）表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作，通常与at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引导的时间状语等连用。2）基本结构主语+be(was/were)+v-ing+…1.Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.2.Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.3.Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.Weweren’treading…Wereyoureading…Whatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein.3)例句1.前天那个时候Tom正在看电影。2.上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4.I____(do)myhomeworkyesterday.5.He____(do)hishomeworkat5:00yesterday.6.He____(do)hishomeworknow.7.现在完成时1）1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2．表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用uptonow,inthepast,recently,by…,for5years,since1994,sofar,alread