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1定语从句一、定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.一、关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。Idon'tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.ThebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalledTheGreat2Escape.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What'sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：3I'vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I'llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.三、关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.四、具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.4(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.1-Doestheteacherknoweverybody____plantedthetrees?-Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who2.Theletter_____Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that3.-Whereisthescientist_____gaveusthetalkyesterday?-HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which4.Ihatepeople_____talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who一、单项填空51.-Whoistheman____wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?-Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople____don'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_____visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason_____shedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld_____thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_____hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,____carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_____hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.6A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_____Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_____ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidn'ttellmetheplace_____hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,_____wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when二、用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.710.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.三、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_____weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy____iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_____talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_____hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_____canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_____isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_____makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_____yourfatheroncelived?10.I'llneverforgetthedays_____IjoinedtheLeague.1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.attha