唐宋变革期的家庭规模与结构

ChineseSocialHistoryReview----------------------------------------------------------------------------()1·,2465255,,,·3abc124216528819115··59506352307168107·565.22.81.8·0.9523.22.11.1·148331378328·165.62.30.6·1.8132.50.61.373589665385200115·725.32.71.6·1.0623.21.81.13723122931455336·103.91.41.0·0.3252.151.40.45·1885·33.61.61.00.611586218158548261156·854.82.31.40.7922.81.70.9913115010184.51.8817752.40.725.33.91.41.91.72.71.41.31/43272611597.8%1311.3%71451/4231/414330123456789101161717754512220/5731—21070%332.7214101.4174012345678910119135231010000/3456125.31.9+2.732+0.7·3.91.7+1.472+0.856623317881985··91826363431203142·384.72.21.60.4822.51.70.512120000563025·54.72.52.10.4103946363487233167·434.72.31.60.4942.51.80.59169148101036012991·194.01.41.00.2711.81.30.35·231210·194.62.42.00.29674148910383141101·204.01.51.10.2761.91.30.319816820111613870374268·634.41.91.40.31702.21.50.4193166125911254.92.23111030423.51.4·0.71.91.82.31.50.8104151198199.6%2333165137.9%422120.40.6?,,62370123456789101111711283828202195461201120000000/100/8462.31.5415672211%,·4.71.9·+2.341+0.54.01.8·+1.51251·+0.7330613THESCALEANDSTRUCTUREOFFAMILIESINTheTANGANDTheSONGDynastyOosawaMasaaki(SophipUniversity,Japan)14Abstract:FamilyissuesareveryimportantinresearchingthehistoryofTangandSong’ssociety.However,atthistimeofday,therearenofamilyissuesexcepttheresearchinregisteredpermanentresidenceinSonghavebeendeeplyexplored.Thoughtherearemanyworksaboutmarriageandwomenwhichmentionedthiskindofissues,obviously,theirauthordidn’tknowexactlyoftheessenceofthefamilyissues,andsotheyhavenocreativeideasinthescaleandstructureoffamiliesinTangandSong.Ithinkitalwaysbedifficulttodiscussthefamilyissuesinthepresentagebecausewelacktherelevanthistoricalmaterials.Inaddition,asfamiliesarethebasicunitsofsociety,mostpeoplewouldnevertakenoticeofthem,andtherearefewarticlesrecordedthewholehistoryofafamily.Therelevanthistoricalmaterialsareabsent,butthearticlesaboutparticularfamiliesareplentiful.It’sagreatpitythatthiskindofmaterialsisalmostdiscontinuousrecords.People(likeme)havetointegratethediscontinuousrecordstorecoverthewholepatternoffamilies.Secondly,Ithinkwemustchoosethemostproperhistoricalmaterialsinordertoknowthefamiliesofthewholesociety.Asisknowntous,asthehistorywasalwaysrecordedbyrankofthenobleandbureaucrat,theyseldommentionedfamiliesofthecommonpeople.People(likeme)thinkthatonlynovelscaninvolvesthewholeranksofsociety,anditisourfirstchoicetouseitinourresearching.TheTaiPingGuangJiinTangandtheYiJianJiinSong,bothofthemhaveenoughcontentandhistoricdata.Icalculatethenumberofpeopleinfamilies;researchthefamilies’structurebyusingthestuffofnovelstostudythehistoricstatusoffamily.Theconclusionsareasfollows:thereareatleast~5peopleineachfamilyinTang,and3~4peopleineachfamilyinsong.Theconditionsoftheclassesandtheplebsaredifferentinthetwodynasties.TheclassesinTangalmosthavesidefolk,buttheclassesalwaysaretwogenerationsofdirectfolkinSong.TheresultsshowusthatfromTangtoSong,thestructureoffamilieschangebacktosupertypefamilieswithtwocoregenerations.Keywords:historyofTangandSongthescaleandstructureoffamiliesTheTaiPingGuangJiandtheYiJianJi200313015