高中英语倒装句讲解

高中英语倒装句讲解倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。I、倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，如：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,intheroom,onthewall等例如：Thencamethechairman.那时总裁来了。Hereisyourletter.你的信。Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.Outrushedthechildren.Aheadsatanoldwoman.2）such置于句首时，此时such多被认为是表语。例如：Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Ⅱ、倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。一、only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。例如：OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.只有这样，你才能学好英语。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.叫了三次，他才来参加会议。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。二、句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。例如：NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.从未见过如此糟糕的表演。Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn\'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题1）---Whycan’tIsmokehere?---Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn\'tmanknowD.didmanknow答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。三、以否定词开头作部分倒装如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than等，要倒装。例如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她刚出门，就有个学生来访。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她刚出门，就有个学生来访。典型例题Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but（also）,nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic。四、so,neither,nor位于句首时作部分倒装用这些词表示\也\、\也不\的句子要部分倒装。例如：TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。Ifyouwon\'tgo,neitherwillI.你不去，我也不去。典型例题---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon\'tknow,_____.A.nordon\'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon\'tcareneitherD.Idon\'tcarealso答案：B.nor为增补意思\也不关心\，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don\'t再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\的确如此\。例如：TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。---It\'sraininghard.---Soitis.雨下得真大。是呀。五、as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）。但需注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。2）句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。六、其他部分倒装1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。例如：Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.他害怕得很，动也不敢动。2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：Mayyouallbehappy.愿你们都快乐。3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.我是你的话，就再试一次。典型例题：1）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatisA.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize答案为B。3）DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idon\'tknow,___.A.nordon\'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon\'tcareneitherD.Idon\'tcarealso答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示\也不\。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。七、倒装句练习题1.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata______cometoasoundconclusion.a.canyoub.youcanc.wouldyoud.youwould2.______thatthisregionwassorichinnaturalresources.a.Littleheknewb.Littledidheknowc.Littlehedidknowd.Littlehehadknown3.Neveragain______politicalofficeafterhis1928defeatforthepresidency.a.AlfredE.Smithseriouslysoughtb.seriouslyAlfredE.Smithsoughtc.whendidAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseekd.didAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek4.Onlyinrecentyears______beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.a.peoplehaveb.sincepeoplehavec.havepeopled.peoplewhohave5._______,wewerenotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.a.Whatmaycomeb.Comewhatmayc.Maywhatcomed.Whatcome6.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______hishead.a.thatheturnedb.didheturnc.hedidn’tturnd.hehadturned7.______receivedlawdegreesastoday.a.Neversowomenhaveb.Thewomenaren’teverc.Womenwhohaveneverd.Neverhavesomanywomen8.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninsolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.a.sodoesaliquidb.soaliquiddoesc.asdoesaliquidd.soisaliquid9.Onnoaccount______toanyone.a.mynamemustbementionedb.mustmynamementionc.mustmynamebementionedd.mynamemustmention10.______thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.a.Suchconstructionrobotsarecleverb.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsarec.Socleveraretheconstructionrobotsd