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测绘专业最常用英语(软件开发特别版)总结：Kiseigo2008.08.22eve来自：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版一．基础篇1.概率WhatisGeomatics?geomatics测绘学geodesy大地测量学surveryingandmapping测绘fieldwork外业工作theodolite经纬仪allowance容许误差latitude纬度longitude经度meridian子午线gravity重力curvature曲率geoid大地水准面2.大地测量和平面测量GeodeticSurveyingandPlaneSurveyinggeodeticsurveying大地测量(学)planesurveying平面测量controlsurvey控制测量verticalsurvey高程测量topographicsurvey地形测量detailsurvey碎部测量landsurvey地籍测量routesurvey路线测量hydrographicsurvey水道测量marinesurvey海洋测量minesurvey矿山测量geologicalsurvey地质测量Multiplechannel多通道dual-frequencysounder双频SingleFrequencyDepthSounder单频multibeamechosounding多波束3.距离测量DistanceMeasurementfundamental基本原则，基本原理revolutionn.旋转stadian.视距，视距仪器telescope望远镜terrainn.地形infraredadj.红外线的electronicdistancemeasurement电子测距仪distancemeasuringinstrumentdistance-measuringerror测距误差fixederror固定误差proportionalerror比例误差sightingdistance视距multiplicationconstant乘常数additionconstant加常数tape卷尺4.角度和方向测量AngleandDirectionMeasurementprojectionn.投影radiusn.半径，范围compass罗盘，指南针clockwiseadj.顺时针方向的counterclockwiseadj.反时针方向的compensatorn.补偿器azimuthn.方位，方位角bearingn.方向，方位horizontalangle水平角verticalangle垂直角elevationangle高度角5.导线测量Traversingtraversen.导线traversing导线测量lawofsines正弦定律lawofcosine余弦定律terminatev.停止evenlyadv.均匀地controlnetwork控制网controlpoint控制点forwardintersection前方交会6.高程测量的方法MethodsofElevationDeteminationelevation海拔referencedatum参考基准面Huanghaiverticaldatumof19561956黄海高程系统nationalverticaldatumof19851985国家高程基准directleveling,spiritleveling几何水准测量BM(benchmark)水准基点levelrod水准尺level水准仪backsight(BS)后尺foresight(FS)前尺heightofinstrument(HI)仪器高heightoftarget(HT)目标高elevationdifference高差annexedlevelingline附合水准路线closedlevelingline闭合水准路线spurlevelingline支水准路线elevationofsight视线高程opticallevel光学水准仪electroniclevel电子水准仪automaticlevel,compensatorlevel自动安平水准仪laserlevel激光水准仪7.全站仪RoboticTotalStationprism棱镜instrumentofgeomaticsengineering测绘仪器geodeticinstrument大地测量仪器opticaltheodolite光学经纬仪totalstation全站仪geo-robot测量机器人datarecorder电子手簿，数据采集器datatransfer数据转换8.测量误差ErrosinMeasurementlawofprobability概率论theoryoferror误差理论trueerror真误差observationerror观测误差instrumentalerror仪器误差personalerror人为误差grosserror粗差systematicerror系统误差randomerror,accidenterror随即误差，偶然误差probableerror或然误差constanterror常差averageerror平均误差absoluteerror绝对误差relativeerror相对误差errorofclosure,closingerror,closure闭合差errorpropagation,propagationoferror误差传播errortest误差检验grosserrordetection粗差检验tolerance限差limiterror极限误差erroroffocusing调焦误差indexerrorofverticalcircle竖盘指标差9.随机误差的基本统计分析BasicStatisticalAnalysisofRandomErrorsstatisticaladj.统计的，统计学的meann.平均数stochasticadj.随机的irregularadj.不规则的probabilityn.概率，可能性normaln.正态divisorn.除数，约数rationalen.基本原理errordistribution误差分布mostprobablevalue(MPV)最或然值expectation,expectedvalue期望值indexofprecision精度指标variance方差standarddeviation标准差meansquareerror(MSE)中误差meansquareerrorofapoint点位中误差meansquareerrorofazimuth方位角中误差meansquareerrorofcordinate坐标中误差meansquareerrorofheight高程中误差varianceofunitweight单位权方差，方差因子errorellipse误差椭圆10.准确度和精确度AccuracyandPrecisionaccuracyn.准确precisionn.精确calibratev.校准methodologyn.方法论11.最小二乘法Least-SquaresAdjustmentadjustmentn.平差parametern.参数leastsquaremethod最小二乘法least-squaresadjustment最小二乘平差functionmodel函数模型stochasticmodel随机模型redundantobservation多余观测variance方差covariance协方差normalequation法方程conditional条件平差directadjustment直接平差conditionequation条件方程parametricadjustment参数平差indirectionadjustment间接平差adjustedvalue平差值inverseofweightmatrix权逆矩阵weightcoefficient权系数geoidalundulation大地水准面高earth’sflattening地球扁率12.大地测量学的概念GeodesyConceptsverylongbaselineinterferometry(VLBI)甚长基线干涉测量13.大地水准面和参考椭球GeoidandReferenceEllipsoidmeansealevel(MSL)平均海水面referenceellipsoid参考椭球semi-majoraxisofellipsoid椭球长半轴semi-minoraxisofellipsoid椭球短半轴orthometricheights(H)正高geodeticheight,ellipsoidalheight(h)大地高geoidalheight,geoidundulation(N)大地水准面高,大地水准面差距quasi-geoid似大地水准面normalheight正常高heightanomaly高程异常GeodeticReferenceSystem1980(GRS80)1980大地测量参考系统Krasovskyellipsoid克拉索夫斯基椭球14.坐标转换Datums,Coordinatesgeodeticdatum大地基准geodeticcoordinate大地坐标geodeticorigin大地原点geodeticlatitude大地纬度geodeticlongitude大地经度worldgeodeticsystem1984(WGS-84)1984世界大地坐标系rectangulargrid直角坐标网independentcoordinatesystem独立坐标系coordinateconversion坐标转换translationparameters平移参数rotationparameters旋转参数scaleparameter尺度参数Xi’anGeodeticCoordinateSystem19801980西安坐标系15.地图投影MapProjectionmapprojection地图投影arbitraryprojection任意投影conformalprojection正形投影Mercatorprojection/Mercator’sprojection墨卡托投影transverseprojection横轴投影UniversalTransverseMercator(UTM)通用横轴墨卡托投影Lambertprojection/Lamber’sprojection兰勃特投影16.重力测量GravityMeasurementgravitymeasurement重力测量lawofuniversalgravitation万有引力定律centrifugalforce离心力gravitationalconstant重力常数gravimeter,gravitymeter重力仪17.大地网的最佳解决方案OptimalDesignofGeomaticsNetworkspecificationn.规格，说明书，规范sensitivityn.灵敏度deformationn.变形18.施工测量ConstructionLayoutengineeringsurvey工程测量constructioncontrolnetwork施工控制网deformationobservation变形观测reliability可靠性constructionsurvey施工测量setting-outsurvey,constructionlayout施工放样roadengineeringsurvey道路工程测量crosssection横断面profilesurvey纵断面测量19.变形监测DeformationmonitoringofEngineeringStructuredeformationmonitoring(observation)变形监测(观测)