高中英语名词性从句讲义(超详细版)一.定义:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.Hiswordsaretrue.Whathesaidistrue.2.Thedogsensedsomethinggood.Thedogsensedthattherewassomethinggoodnearby.3.Thesearehiswords.Thesearewhathesaid.4.MyMathsteacher,MrHe,isakindperson.Thenewsthattheplanehadcrashedmadeussad.二.引导名词性从句的连接词连词:在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用that,无实义whether,if是否asif\asthough似乎,好像连接代词:有词义,在句中担任主语,表语,定语或宾语。what,什么who,谁whom,谁,作宾语whose,谁的which,哪一个whatever,whoever……也可以引导。连接副词:有词义,在句中担任状语。when,什么时候where,什么地方why,为什么how,怎么样howmany,howmuch,howoften三.主语从句1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Thatheislateforschoolmakestheteacherveryangry.他上学迟到让老师很生气。2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It+be+名词+that从句e.g.Itisapitythatwewon'tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.(2)It+be+形容词+that从句Eg.Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Eg.Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)Itissuggestedthatthework(should)bedonewithgreatcare.(4)It+不及物动词+that从句Eg.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…3.主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。(1)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.(2)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.(3)Whateveryoudidisright.(4)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.4.that与what引导主语从句的区别what有词义,在句中担任主语,表语,定语或宾语。that无词义,不作任何成分,只起连接作用Eg.Whathasmadehimmadisnotknownyet.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.四.宾语从句1.定义:名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoaverygooduniversity.我们都认为她学习非常努力,一定能进一个非常好的大学。3.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。4.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝水是有必要的.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Eg.Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hetookitforgrantedthathisgirlfriendwouldcomebackagain.他想当然的认为女朋友会再回来。③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.5.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。6.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。Eg.Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。7.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:HesayshestudiesEnglisheveryday.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftforAmerica.8.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。9.感叹句在宾语从句中的运用Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited五.表语从句1.定义:在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。ThatisjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。2.that注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.3.what,who,which,whom,whose除了在句中起连接作用外,还可以在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语,并且各有各的词义。Eg.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。TheproblemiswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.问题是谁与我明天前往北京。4.when,where,why,how在句中充当时间,地点,原因,方式状语。Eg.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个时。5.asif\asthough,because等引导的表语从句。because引导表语从句通常只用于“that\this\itis\wasbecause……”结构中。asif\asthough引导表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,用虚拟语气。Eg.Theelephantfeelsasif\thoughitwereawall.Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.That’sbecauseIstayeduplatelastnight.我今天上学迟到了,因为我昨晚熬夜太晚了。6.表示命令,建议的名词接表语从句,用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形Eg.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.六.同位语从句1.定义:同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fa