人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点

人教版八年级上册第二单元知识点（复习课用）一．词汇1.housework---合成词，不可数名词，homework,farmwork;dothehousework;helpmotherdo/withthehousework2.hardlyadv几乎不，否定词，不与其它否定词连用，带有hardly句子，叫否定句Eg,GarrycanhardlyspeakChinese,__canhe__?Eg,He______ridesabiketoschool.Helikeswalking.A.oftenB.alwaysC.usuallyD.hardly#副词不能修饰名词，不能直接放在名词前。Hardly+a/an+名词单数；hardly+any+名词复数/不可数名词Eg,Icanhardlysee_____sheeponthehill.A.SomeB.anyC.anD.much#hardlyever=seldom频度副词“几乎不”三词{be动词，情态动词，助动词}之后，一词（实意动词）之前IthardlyeverrainsinthenorthofChinainwinter.Heishardlyeverill.3.ever副词，“曾经”-------反义词never;Ever常用于疑问句中，HaveyoueverbeentoChina?4.次数表示法1），一次once,两次twice----不规则2），三次threetimes,四次fourtimes----三次以上：基数词—+times-----twentytimesIhavebeentoHefeithreetimes.#对次数提问howmanytimes#次数+时间段表示频度onceaweek;twiceamonth;threetimesayear.-------提问howoften5.Internet首字母大写，前加the,在互联网上ontheInternet.类似：ontheradio/onTV,onthecomputer/onthephone6.full1)adj忙碌的------free-------busy#主语为时间Tomorrowisfullforme.—Iwillbebusytomorrow.2)adj满的-------empty“空的”#befullof…里充满了…Theroomisfullofsmoke.#fillvt,填满，装满#befilledwith…里装满了…3)adj“饱的”----hungry“饥饿的”Areyoufull?7.maybe与maybe区别Maybe副词“也许”，放在句首Maybeheisateacher.Maybe情态动词+be动词原形“也许是，可能是”作谓语，放在主语之后，Hemaybeateacher.8.least----little-----less对比much-----more-----mostEg,Canwedothe____workwiththe____money?A.less,moreB.least,mostC.more,lessD.most,leastAtleast至少+数字------atmost最多，至多Lessthan不到，少于；morethan超过，多于=over9.junkfood不可数10.coffee,juice,milk,orange,water,teaAcupofcoffee11.healthn,健康------healthyadj健康的名词作主语宾语（主语放句首，宾语放动词或介词之后）形容词----名前系后形容词；名词前作定语，系动词后作表语；Eg,Youshouldeat____food.It’sgoodforyour____.Fruitandvegetablesarevery____.12.asaresult结果Asaresult,hewaslateforschool.Hereistheresult.13.10%----tenpercent-----基数词+percent,没有复数。#百分数做主语，谓语看百分数代替的名词。Eg,50%ofthestudentsinourclass____fromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comes14.shoppingonline;goonline15.although连词“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句，不与but连用。Eg,_____heisverytired,____hestillworksinthefield.A.Although,/B.Although,butC./,but#=though,可以互换。#让步状语从句“主将从现”---主句将来时，从句一般现在时。Eg，Wewillgoonworkingalthoughitisrainytomorrow.16.through----though对比Through介词“通过，穿过”从物体内部穿过，Across“通过，穿过”从表面经过,还含有从一边到另一边。Eg,Go____thestreetandyoucangettothepostoffice.Thelightgotintotheroom____thewindow.Theboysswimacrosstheriver.17.mind1)n,头脑，大脑，思维，思想Changeone’smind改变主意2）动词“介意”Minddoingsth介意做某事Doyoumindopeningthedoor?18.such与so区别都含有“如此的，这样的…”Suchadj,修饰名词。----sucha/anadj+名词单数Such+adj+名词复数/不可数名词Eg,Ididn’tseesuchacleverboybefore.#soadv修饰形容词副词。So+adj/advEg,Theflowersare___beautiful.Theseare____beautifulflowers.#例外：当形容词表示数量many/much/few/little前面必用so.Therearesomanypeopleinthesupermarket.19.play…together/let’sgotogether20.dievi不及物动词“死亡”Theoldmandiedyesterday.#dieof/from死于…#die现在分词dying,过去式died名词death形容词dead“死的”dying“快要死的”Theoldman’s____madehischildrenverysad.Hehasbeen____fortwodays.Hefounda___dogontheroadlastSunday.21.write----writer;teach---teacher;dancer;worker;singerCleaner;22.dentist-----doctor-----nurse-----hospital23.however与but区别都表示转折“但是，然而”however语气弱。However副词，单独使用，句首，句末，句中，加逗号隔开。Shelivesfarfromtheschool.However,sheisneverlateforschool.But连词，连接并列句，放在句首，后不加逗号。Shelivesfarfromtheschool，butsheisneverlateforschool.24.than与thenThan连词“比”比较级的标志词Heistallerthanme.Then副词“那时，然后，接着”Hegotupatsix,andthenhewashedhisface.25.almost副词“几乎，差不多”=nearlyAlmost可以修饰所有否定词no,not,nothing,noone…;放在否定词前。Nearly一般不修饰否定词，但可以修饰not但要放在not后。26.none三三两两不定代词“一个都没有，没有一个”#后加of+名词复数/人称代词宾格---三者以上都没有；NoneofthestudentsinourclassisfromJapan.#none一般不单用，但有上文，可指代上文的人或事物，可单用。可指三者以上的人或事物，也可指不可数名词。Isthereanymilkinthefridge?-No,____.A.nothingB.nooneC.noneD.neitherNone强调数量，用Howmany提问。---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?--____A.NooneB.NoneC.NothingD.Nobody#noone/nobody用who提问。表示两者中没有一个---neither27.pointn.“点，得分，分数”1.1---onepointonehaveapoint有道理，giveone’spoint说出某人观点vi“指（点）”pointto/at指向…二．课文1.howoften/howlong/howfar/howsoon/howmanytimes1).howoften“多久一次”问频度-----频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never;everyday/week/year/month/hour/minute;次数+时段onceaweek;2).howlong“多久，多长时间，多长”---时间长度，物体长度Howlongistheruler?Howlongwillyoustayhere?-----Fortwodays.howlong表示动作，状态持续了多长时间。---for+时段/since+从句/时间点。3).howfar“多远”—提问路程---A.基数词+距离单位（kilometer,meter,mile）;B.时间段+交通方式（a.时间段’s+walk/ride/drive/flight;b.时间段+介词方式onfoot/bybus/bytrain/bybike…）4).howsoon“还要多久”从现在起还要多久才开始做某事---in+时间段---一般将来时标志。--HowsoonwillMrSmithcomeback?---Intwodays.5).howmanytimes“多少次”提问次数Eg，--_____doesyourfatherexercise?---Everymorning.---________doesheexercise?---Fivetimes.---______doesheexercise?--Forabouthalfanhour.2.频度副词1）.alwaysusuallyOftensometimeshardlyevernever2).位置：三词之后，一词之前3）.一般现在时标志。Eg,Heusually____upatsix.A.getB.getsC.gotD.getting4)提问用howoften3.helpsbwithsth/helpsbtodosth/helpsbdosthEg,Jimoftenhelpshismother____thehousework.A.doesBdoC.doingD.withdo4.onweekends/ontheweekend/atweekends/attheweekend5.gotomovies/gotoamovie/gotothemovies/gotothemovie/gotothecinema/seeafilm6.goshopping----goswimming/camping/boating/fishing/climbing/biking/hiking/dancing/skating7.watchTV8.favorite形容词“特别喜爱的，最喜爱的”前面必有形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格。MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.9.nextweek/year/month/Sunday