I.介词汇总1)at,in,on,to,of,off(getoffthebus),for2)above,over,on3)below,under在……下面4)infrontof在……前面,inthefrontof在……的前部5)behind,atthebackof6)beside,nextto,near,by(thewindow/theriver),at(thetable)7)across,through,over8)outof,into9)between…and…from…to…10)outside,inside,around11)with,without12)along沿着Gostraightalongthemainroad.13)up,downGoupthehill.14)before,after15)during16)about,14)likeYoulooklikeyourmother.15)pastIt’shalfpastsix.II.容易混淆的介词:区别讲解例句表时间的介词at,on,inat表示“在几点几分”(单位最小);on表示“在具体的某一天或某天上午(下午晚上等)”;in表示“在几天、周、月、年”。Igetupatsixo’clock.Ithappenedonaspringmorning.Therearesevendaysinaweek.inthemorning/evening/afternoon;atnoon/night/dawn/sunrise/sunset/lunch/dinner/supper,etc.during,for,infor后加一个“表时间段的具体单位(常用复数)”;during强调“持续”或“某活动”期间;in指在一段时间内。Shehaslivedhereforsixyears.HewasinTianjinduringtheholidays.Inthosedayshewaspoor.till,untiltill/until构成的短语修饰“持续性动词”,“非持续性动词”要用“否定式”。Theywaitedtill/until10:00.Theydidn’tleaveuntil/till10:00.after,since“after+时刻或时段”,“…以后”,终点时间在过去或将来;而“since+时间点”,“自从…以来”,终点在说话的时刻。She’llbebackaftereighto’clock.She’slivedheresince2002.in,after“in+时段”,“…以后”,用于将来时;“after+时刻或时段”,“…以后”可用于将来时或过去时。He’llleaveafter11:00.Heleftafter11:00.Sheleftafterafewhours.She’llbebackinhalfanhour.表空间位置及方向方位的介词at,on,inat指一个“点”或“小地方”;in指一个“地区”或“大地方”空间内;on在某一平面或线上面。Theyarrivedatthevillageatten.Yourpencilisinthedesk.Yourpencilisonthedesk.on,above,overon“与物体接触”反义词为“beneath”;over“在…正上方”反义为“under”;above“在…的上方”反义词为“below”。There’sabookonthedeskandapenbeneaththebook.There’salampoverthedeskandabagunderthetable.Jack’sbedroomisabovemineonthesecondfloor.over,across,throughacross“表面跨过”;through“从中间或从头至尾穿过”;over“从上空越过”。He’sswimmingacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughthegate.Aplaneisflyingoverthecity.Heiswalkingoverthebridge.at,beside,by,nextto,nearat靠得“最近”;beside“在并排一条线上”;by“在并排一条线上”;nextto“在顺序上紧靠旁边”;near靠得“最远”,不表明确方向或顺序。Let’smeetattheschoolgate.Thebuildingbesidethelibraryistheshoppingcenter.TheboystandingbymysideisfromShanghai.Who’ssittingnextto/besideMr.Steve?about,round,around.about表示周围是随意的,不规则的;round或around(二者无多大差别)的周围则是较完整的一个圈。Don’tleavethetoysaboutthemeeting-room.Theyaresittinground/aroundthetable.to,for,atto“运动的方向,目的地”;for“动身出发的目的地”;at“有意攻击的目标”。Throwittome.He’llleaveforShanghai.Hethrewtheballatthatboy.up,downup指“往上,往北,大地方,靠拢”;down指“向下,往南,向小地方,往开走”但在一市区,去中心区用down,去郊区等用up。Theyaregoingupthehill.Theyaregoingdownriver.I’mgoingdowntownshopping.on,in,toin表“在某地区内”;on表“接壤”;to表“在某地区以外”。ShanghaiisinthesouthofChina.HunanliesonthenorthofGuangdong.XichangliestothesouthwestofChengdu.between,amongbetween指“两者之间”;among指“在三者以上之间”。There’sariverbetweenthetwovillages.There’sasmallhouseamongthetrees.besidesexceptexceptforexceptthatbutbutforbesides“除…之外还有,”实际不排除;except“除…外”表“排除”,不放在句首;exceptfor表整体肯定补充细节,表除去整体中的一部分;exceptthat“除了…外”,后接从句;but通常与all,no,every,where,whowhat及有些它们的合成词连用;butfor“要不是”,后面句子常用虚拟语气。Ilovemusicbesidessports.Thehouseisneverusedexceptinwinter.Thebusisemptyexceptforanoldwoman.Idon’tknowPeterexceptthathe’sanJapanese.There’snothingbutachairintheroom.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedmyhomework.表原因的介词offorfrom/outoffromatof常与fond,proud,tired连用表情绪上的原因;for表奖惩痛苦出名的原因,或内在心里的原因;from/outof“出于某需要,动机,认识”等原因;from还可指自然,直接的原因;at常指感情上的原因。I’mproudofhavingyouasafriend.He’sfamousforhiswriting.Theyaresufferingfromstarvation.Shefellillfromdrinkinguncleanwater.Hismotherisangryathislaziness.表方式的介词byon/inwithinthroughby表“用交通工具”或表“发出某动作”;on/in表用某交通工具;with用具体的“工具、材料”或伴随“抽象事物”;in用原料或语言;through通过具体过程,途径,手段,中介。Igotoschoolbybus.Igotoschoolonabike.Iwritewithapen.CanyousayitinEnglish?Youshouldwriteinink(墨水).Ilearneditthroughafriend.1.表示地点位置的介词1)at,in,on,to,forat(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近,旁边”in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。on表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”2)above,over,on在……上above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.3)below,under在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.4)infront[frant]of,inthefrontof在……前面infrontof…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.(房子前面有些花卉。)inthefrontof意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是atthebackof…(在……范围内的后部)。Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。Ourteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)5)beside,behindbeside表示在……旁边behind表示在……后面2.表示时间的介词1)in,on,at在……时in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意:在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如:Wemeeteveryday.2)in,after在……之后“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。3)from,since自从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。since表示自(某具体时间)以来,常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。sinceliberation(1980)自从解放(1980年)以来Theyha