名词性从句

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曹甸高级中学2006届高三英语一轮复习集体备课材料1名词性从句一.名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词,因而,这四种从句又通称为句词性从句。名词性从句是经常考查的考点之一。二.名词性从句的引导词有三种:1.从属连词that,whether,if①that本身没有意义,在从句中不做任何句子成分。引导单个宾语从句时,that可以省略。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时,that都不能省略。如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。例如:1.Idon’tthink(that)sheiscoming.(可省)2.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.(不能省)3.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.(不能省)4.Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.(不能省)5.Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtolivealone.(第一个可省,第二个不可省)②.从属连词whether和ifWhether和if是“是否”的意思,在从句中不担当句子成分。引导宾语从句时(动词后面的宾语从句)二者可以换用,若宾语从句提前只用whether.但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句,及紧跟or/ornot结构或不定式时,只能用whether.①Hewantstoknowwhetherornotyouagree.②Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.③Hewonderedwhethertoacceptorrefuse.④Italldependsonwhethertheywilldotheirbest.⑤Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.⑥Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.⑦Noneofthemcananswerthequestionwhetheritisworthdoing.⑧Whetheritistrueornot,Icannottell.注意:if除引导宾语从句外,还可引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”意思。此时不能用whether来换。Whether除引导名词性从句外,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“是否,不论是否...,不管是…还是…”。这时不能用if替换。①Don’tworryabouther,whethersheiswellorill.②Whethermyparentsagreeornot,Iwillstudyabroad.不论父母同意与否,我都要出国留学。③You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryouarefreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙,你都要参加这个典礼。④_____sickorwell,theoldmanisalwayscheerful.A.EitherB.NomatterC.EvenifD.Whether2.连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose及whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever既保留原意,又在从句中担当句子成分。既“谁,什么,哪一个,谁的,无论谁,无论什么,无论哪一个”。Who是主格,作主语,可以代替whom.whom是宾格,作宾语。Whoever,作主语,可以代替whoever.whomever作宾语。以上这些词都是“代词”,因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语,不作状语。注意:what除译成“什么”,在从句中还可译成“所…的,所…的事物”=thething(s)that/which.What(pron.)在从句中,必须做成分,常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语①Thisiswhattheyareafter.②Thecityisfardifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.③Sheisnolongerwhatshewasfiveyearsago.④Whatismostimportantinlifeisn’tmoney..⑤Weallagreewithhimon__________hesaid.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how特别提醒:名词性从句中的that不做成分,what必须做主语、宾语、表语、定语或补足语注意:whatever和whoever,whomever的功能曹甸高级中学2006届高三英语一轮复习集体备课材料2它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。此时,whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。即whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。Whomever=anyonewhom例如:1.ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever2.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho3.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto________wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whateverD.wherever特别注意:whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever即疑问词+ever的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。此时whatever=nomatterwhat,whoever=nomatterwho,whomever=nomatterwhom,whichever=nomatterwhich务必注意这些词引导名词性从句与让步状语从句的区别。3.连接副词when,where,how,why既保留原意,又在从句中做状语。三.四种名词性从句的各自注意点:1.主语从句:(1)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用单数,如:Howwecangetthereintimeremainsunknown.但当what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。①Whatweneedismoremoney.②Whatweneedaremoreexperiencedteachers.(2)有时为保持句子平衡,常用形式主语it代替主语从句,而把主语从句置于句末,如:①ItisreportedthatanothersatellitehasbeensentintospacebyChina.②Isitprobablethathewillraisemoneyforthechildrenwhoareoutofschool?③Howstrangeitisthattheyoungboycouldworkoutsomanymathsproblemsinaquarterofanhour!特别注意:形式主语it与强调结构itis/was…that/who中的it的区别。①______isafact______Englishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There,whichB.This,thatC.That,thatD.It,that②____wasabout600yearsago_____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.It,thatB.until,thatC.before,thatD.when,which还要注意下列句型的区别:①Itwastheplace_______thekingwaskilled.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.this②Itwasattheplace_____thekingwaskilled.A.WhereB.whichC.thatD.this③Itwasatmidnight______JohnreturnedtoNanjingA.whenB.whichC.thatD.onwhich④Itwasmidnight______JohnreturnedtoNanjing.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.onwhich2.表语从句:在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句放在系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,appear,look,remain,seem等,注意:reason一词做主语时,须用that引导表语从句。用it,this,that做主语时,表语从句可用because或why引导。①Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolintimewasthathemetwithanaccident.②Thatwaswhyhedidn’tgotoattendthelecture.③Thiswasbecausehefellill.3.宾语从句:(1)宾语从句中时态的呼应:当主句用现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态,当主句用过去时态时,从句一般用相应的过去时态,但从句表示客观真理或无时间性的事实时仍用一般现在时。①Ididn’tknowyouwerecominguntilyesterday.②Hetoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.(2)在believe,expect,suppose,think等动词引起的宾语从句中,注意否定前移。和反译问句的曹甸高级中学2006届高三英语一轮复习集体备课材料3构成。①Idon’tthinkthebookisworthreading.②Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?③Idon’texpecttheywillhaveeverythingreadydirectly.(3)在动词insist(坚持),,order(命令),command(命令),suggest(建议),advise,(建议),propose(建议),require(要求,需要),desire(要求,渴望),demand(要求),request(要求)等词后的宾语从句中,不论主句谓语动词用何时态,宾语从句中的动词一律用“(should)+动词原形”。如:ShesuggestedthatRobert(should)gotoLondonandtrytofindajobthere.(4)wh-型疑问词除why以外,都可接不定式短语作宾语,相当于一个宾语从句,如:Heexplainedtomehowtodriveacar(howhecandriveacar).但Why+动词原形,whynot+动词原形4.同位语从句:同位语从句用以对名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容。(1)同位语从句一般置于下列名词后:belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,promise,information,news,message,,decision,problem,truth,opinion,order,suggestion,report.(2)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词之后,而是被其它词隔开。如:AnideacametoJanethatshewouldaskProf.Bobforadvice.(3)由连接词that引导的同位语从句,在句子结构上与由关系代词that引导的定语从句有相似之处,应认真区别。同位语从句的that不做成分,定语从句中的that做成分,常做主语、宾语、表语、补语,如:①DidyouhearthenewsthattheChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthesecondplaceinAtla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