1第四章钢管混凝土及压型钢板施工技术第一节钢管混凝土工程概况本工程主塔外钢框架采用钢管混凝土柱子,共计柱子24根,每根柱子由46段组成,每段长约10m,管径在1200mm~2000mm之间。柱子内灌注C60混凝土。钢管规格与分布如下表所示。表2.4.1.1钢管柱规格列表分段范围钢管柱管径(mm)壁厚(mm)混凝土方量(m3)顶部底部环35~环461200302723环31~环35120040999环27~环311300401090环23~环271400401173环19~环231500401308环15~环191600401611环11~环151700501948环7~环111800502364环3~环71900502872基础~环32000503046钢管内设置横向和环向劲板进行加强,标准节点如下图所示:图2.4.1.1典型钢管节点2表2.4.1.2钢管混凝土方量统计表柱子编号柱尺寸2000×501900×501800×501700×501600×401500×401400×401300×401200×401200×30面积2.992.692.412.141.911.671.451.251.060.9001长度(m)32.0045.6042.2037.7036.0033.4034.6037.4040.50129.50方量(m3)95.57122.57101.5080.6168.8155.9250.2646.6342.80116.4502长度(m)32.9045.8042.7039.1036.1033.5034.7037.5040.60129.90方量(m3)98.26123.11102.7183.6169.0056.0850.4146.7642.91116.8103长度(m)34.1045.8042.3039.1036.1033.5034.7037.6040.60129.90方量(m3)101.84123.11101.7483.6169.0056.0850.4146.8842.91116.8104长度(m)35.8045.7042.2039.0036.0033.4034.6037.5040.60129.60方量(m3)106.92122.84101.5083.3968.8155.9250.2646.7642.91116.5405长度(m)38.0045.5042.0038.8035.9033.3034.5037.3040.40129.10方量(m3)113.49122.31101.0282.9668.6255.7550.1246.5142.70116.0906长度(m)40.5045.2041.8038.6035.7033.1034.3037.1039.20129.40方量(m3)120.95121.50100.5482.5468.2455.4149.8346.2641.43116.3607长度(m)43.2044.9041.5038.3037.0032.9034.1036.9039.90128.90方量(m3)129.02120.6999.8281.8970.7255.0849.5446.0142.17115.9108长度(m)45.7044.6041.2038.1036.5032.3033.8036.6039.60126.50方量(m3)136.48119.8999.1081.4769.7654.0849.1045.6441.85113.7509长度(m)48.0044.2040.9037.8034.9033.0033.5036.3039.30126.80方量(m3)143.35118.8198.3880.8366.7155.2548.6645.2641.53114.0210长度(m)50.0045.5040.6037.5034.6033.4033.3036.0039.00124.60方量(m3)149.32122.3197.6580.1866.1355.9248.3744.8941.22112.0411长度(m)51.4044.1039.8037.2034.4031.9033.0035.8038.70123.80方量(m3)153.50118.5495.7379.5465.7553.4147.9444.6440.90111.3212长度(m)52.2043.4040.1038.5033.7031.8032.9035.6038.50123.203方量(m3)155.89116.6696.4582.3264.4153.2447.7944.3940.69110.7813长度(m)52.4043.2039.0036.9034.1031.7032.8035.5038.40122.70方量(m3)156.49116.1293.8178.9065.1853.0747.6544.2640.58110.3314长度(m)51.9043.8039.2036.8034.1031.5032.7035.4038.30122.40方量(m3)155.00117.7494.2978.6965.1852.7447.5044.1440.48110.0615长度(m)50.8043.2039.9036.8034.0031.6032.7035.5038.30122.50方量(m3)151.71116.1295.9778.6964.9952.9047.5044.2640.48110.1516长度(m)49.2043.2039.9036.8034.1031.6032.8035.5038.40122.70方量(m3)146.93116.1295.9778.6965.1852.9047.6544.2640.58110.3317长度(m)47.0043.4040.0037.0034.2031.7032.9035.6038.50123.10方量(m3)140.36116.6696.2179.1265.3753.0747.7944.3940.69110.6918长度(m)44.7043.6040.3037.2034.4031.9033.0035.7038.70123.60方量(m3)133.50117.2096.9379.5465.7553.4147.9444.5140.90111.1419长度(m)42.1043.8040.5037.4034.6032.1033.2035.7039.20124.40方量(m3)125.73117.7497.4179.9766.1353.7448.2344.5141.43111.8620长度(m)39.6044.2040.8038.9034.8032.3033.5036.2039.30125.30方量(m3)118.26118.8198.1483.1866.5154.0848.6645.1441.53112.6721长度(m)37.2044.5041.1037.9035.0032.6033.7036.9039.50126.20方量(m3)111.10119.6298.8681.0466.9054.5848.9646.0141.74113.4822长度(m)35.1044.8041.4038.3035.3032.8033.9036.8039.80127.20方量(m3)104.83120.4299.5881.8967.4754.9149.2545.8942.06114.3823长度(m)33.6045.1041.7038.5035.6033.0034.2036.8040.30128.10方量(m3)100.35121.23100.3082.3268.0455.2549.6845.8942.59115.1924长度(m)32.7045.4042.0038.8035.8033.2034.4037.2040.30128.90方量(m3)97.66122.04101.0282.9668.4355.5849.9746.3842.59115.91总砼方量(m3)3046.502872.152364.631947.941611.071308.351173.471090.29999.662723.054图2.4.1.2钢管柱节点编号5第二节钢管混凝土结构施工方法作为较为成熟的施工技术,钢管混凝土浇灌方法可分为以下三种:(1)泵送顶升浇灌法;(2)立式手工浇捣法;(3)立式高位抛落无振捣法。三种方法的适用范围及优缺点各不相同,对比分析如下:2.1泵送顶升浇灌法1)原理:在钢管接近地面或某楼层板处安装一个带闸门的进料管,直接与泵的输送管连接,由泵车将混凝土连续不断地自下而上灌入钢管。2)优缺点:施工质量容易保证,如果结构高,则需要较高的泵送压力。另外由于需要在钢管壁上开洞,影响结构的外观质量。2.2立式手工浇捣法1)原理:混凝土自钢管上口灌入,一次浇灌高度不宜大于2m。2)优缺点:施工效率较低,质量不容易保证。2.3立式抛落无振捣法1)原理:利用混凝土从高位顺钢管下落时产生的动能达到振实混凝土的目的,抛落高度不应小于4m,抛落高度不足4m的区段,仍采用内部振捣器振实。2)优缺点:施工效率较高,机械设备容易布置。由以上分析,三种方法中,立式手工浇捣法不适用于本工程,立式抛落法和泵送顶升法应用于本工程各有优缺点,但由于抛落法避免了在柱子管壁上开洞的弊端。所以采用抛落法进行浇注。另外,由于本工程钢管倾斜,且内部肋板较多,所以抛落时易产生气泡导致混凝土不密实等问题。因此我们采用低收缩自密实混凝土,通过导向管直接浇注混凝土,则避免了这个问题。按照总体施工流程安排,钢管混凝土浇注与钢结构合理搭接,每次灌注高度10m左右,灌注到节点下2-3m处。6钢管柱卸料管混凝土环梁图2.4.2.1抛落法浇注第三节混凝土泵车及管道布置详见第二篇第三章详细描述。第四节布料机的选择和布置4.1布料机选择布料机有21m、24m、28m、32m、38m、44m、48m、52m等多种规格。国际国内市场具有相当成熟的布料杆研制、生产经验。根据我们核芯筒和钢框架施工工艺以及本工程的特点,初选三一重工生产的HG32布料杆一台和HG28布料杆一台。其中HG32布料杆布料半径32m,臂架回转角度365°,整机功率30KW,总高32m。布料杆采用无尾拖4节液压卷折式,立柱采用箱形结构。具有大风报警装置,回转限位装置,支腿误操作保护装置等其他安全保护措施,油漆质量达到砼泵优等品要求。HG32布料杆布料半径大,臂架刚性好,强度强,安全可靠;回转机构采用国外名牌劳力士大直径轴承以及意大利回转达马达,抗倾翻能力大,回转平稳;自动化程度高,采用国外优质名牌进口遥控装置,能实行近控和远控操作。整机结构紧凑,采用劳力士大直径轴承,抗倾翻能力大;不带配重,有利于周围设施布置;整机重量轻,对压力小,可以节约吨位量而用于有效荷载量的增加。74.2布料机布置布料机布置考虑结构不同的截面尺寸以及混凝土浇注落后于钢柱施工10m左右的高度(钢结构相邻两环间的高度)的情况,布料机的布置可以有如下三种形式,一是布置在钢环梁的平台上(图2.4.4.1),二是布置在核芯筒外壁上(图2.4.4.2)。三是在塔吊附墙架上制作布料机平台(图2.4.4.3),将布料机置于平台之上,对钢管内混凝土进行近似对称的浇注(此法中选用HG32和HG28除塔身外的工作机构,主要是回转机构和液压卷折即可)。26floor05floor下上下上下下上布料机图2.4.4.1布料机安放在环梁上8图2.4.4.2布料机安放在核芯筒外壁上图2.4.4.3布料机安放在塔吊附墙架上第一种情况下,由于布置在钢环梁上的情况下,混凝土泵送时会产生很大的震动,而在环梁上的平台刚度不够好,所以施工难度高,质量也难以保证;第二种情况下,由于布料机外附核芯筒,所以埋件多,受到核芯筒的阻挡,至少需要三台布料机才能覆盖整个浇注范围,施工作业安排也比较复杂;第三种情况下,一是只需要两台布料机,二是布料机运作效率比较高,施工组织容易,所以采用第三种布置情况。32.8m以上的钢管混凝