RO反渗透系统技术培训

反渗透（RO）培训简介：膜/反渗透及其应用AnINTRODUCTIONTOMEMEBRANE/REVERSEOSMOSIS&ITSBESTPRACTICE（交叉流/膜）过滤方法CrossFlowFiltrationMethods微过滤Microfiltration超滤Ultrafiltration超微过滤Nanofiltration反渗透ReverseOsmosis范围宏分子Macromolecular分子Molecular次分子Submolecular离子Ionic颗粒大小Particlesize1.0-0.1mm0.1-0.01mm0.01-0.001mm0.001mm去除Removes固体悬浮物,大的胶体,细菌Bacteria蛋白质Proteins,胶体Colloids,有机物Organics热原(质)Pyrogens,二价离子Divalentions滤过性微生物Virus小的有机物,金属Metals,盐alts分子量MolecularWeight100,00010,000-100,000200-20,000300操作压OperatingPressure10psig10-100psig200-250psig200-800psigPretreatmentNeeds预处理需要LowMediumHighHigh投资成本CapitalCostLowMediumHighHigh膜构造MembraneConfigurations•螺旋口SpiralWound•中空纤维HollowFiber•管状Tubular膜系统MembraneSystem反渗透ReverseOsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O渗透过程/工艺WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O反渗透过程/工艺P2术语表GlossaryofTerms•Concentrateorreject浓缩或损失/未渗透•Permeateorproduct渗透或产物•Percentrecovery回收率•Percentsaltrejection盐损率/抗盐率反渗透基理进水FEEDWATER100gpm600ppmTDS渗透PERMEATE75gpm30ppmTDS5%盐通过SaltPassage75%回收Recovery未渗透REJECT95%盐损SaltRejection25gpm2310ppmTDS25%Reject两步骤RO系统Two-StageROSystem元件ELEMENTS进水FEED渗透PERMEATE高压泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMPTRAIN#1TRAIN#2容器VESSEL2:1排列ARRAY进水FEEDREJECTREJECT渗透PERMEATE第一步1stSTAGE第二步2ndSTAGEREJECTRO设备TypicalROMachine膜对比MembraneComparisons醋酸纤维素Celluloseacetate薄膜合成ThinfilmcompositePH范围TypicalpHrange5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未渗透率Average%rejection95%99%微生物病体MicrobiosusceptibilityYesNo温度限制Temperaturelimit35°C45°C氯承受力ChlorinetoleranceExcellentPoor操作压Typicaloperatingpressure400psig200psig离子通过TypicalPassageofIons离子Ion%SaltPassage%SaltRejection铵Ammonium892钠Sodium595钾Potassium595镁镁Magnesium397锶Strontium397钙Calcium298硝酸盐Nitrate1585二硅酸盐Bisilicate1090氯化物Chloride595氟化物Fluoride595重碳酸盐Bicarbonateg595硫酸盐Sulfate397磷酸盐Phosphate199*TFCelementratedfora95%NaClrejectionRO的优势WhatAretheAdvantagesofRO?去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removesnonionicimpuritiesanddissolvedsolids(i.e.organics,silica,bacteria)减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reductionofhazardouschemicalstorageandhandlingassociatedwithionexchange减少了离子交换系统的装载Reducesloadingonionexchangesystems:延长运行周期Extendsrunlengths延长树脂寿命Extendsresinlife降低操作成本ReducesoperatingcostsRO的劣势WhatAretheDisadvantagesofRO?25%的进水未被渗透25%offeedstreamisrejected渗透的5%TDS对HP锅炉不足5%TDSinpermeateinadequateforHPboilers最终过滤器易被堵塞Ultimatefilterwhichiseasilyfouled:-提高操作成本Increasingoperatingcosts-降低树脂寿命Reducingmembranelife操作成本细分TypicalOperatingCostBreakdown膜更换费MembraneReplacement31%化学药品费用Chemicals17%人工费Labor15%过滤器更换费FilterReplacement3%其它7%电费27%反渗透膜的问题ROMembraneProblemsFouling污垢微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio,silt,crud,organics,metaloxidesScaling水锈天然盐Mineralsalts无水硅酸Silica水解和降解HydrolysisorDegradationpH,Temperature,oxidants,biodegradation离子污垢IronFouling微生物污垢MicrobiologicalFouling无水硅酸污垢SilicaFouling矿物水锈MineralScale膜退化/降解MembraneDegradation膜问题造成的结果ResultsofMembraneProblems水质降低Reducedwaterquality运行周期缩短Shorterrunlengths提早更换膜Prematuremembranereplacement运行成本提高Higheroperatingcosts厂商要求TypicalManufacturer’sRequirementsCelluloseacetateThinfilmcomposite混浊Turbidity,NTU1.01.0残渣密度指数SiltDensityIndex,SDI3.03.0铁Iron,Fe3+,ppm0.30.05锶Strontium,ppmNS0.1钡Barium,ppmNS0.1无水硅酸Silica,reject,ppm50-16050-160有机物Organics,ppmNSNS氯Chlorine,residual,ppm0.1-0.5max0pH范围Range4-64-11进水最高温度FeedTemperatureMax,C3545NS-NotSpecified膜的水解因素HydrolysisFactorsofROMembranesCAMEMBRANES•微生物生长率Microbiogrowthpresent•pHlevels5.0-6.5•温度Temperatures35oC•ExposedtodirectsunlightTFCMEMBRANES•进水中的氧化剂Oxidantsinfeedwater(i.e.Cl2,Ozone)•进水中的游离氯0.01ppmFreechlorineinfeedwater•温度Temperatures45oC•ExposedtodirectsunlightFoulant*HighTendencytoFoulMembraneWhen:水锈物质Scalants:CaCO3Reject’sLangelierorStiff-DavisindexispositiveCaSO4Ca+2+SO4-21000ppm(asCaCO3)inrejectHardness300ppm(asCaCO3)infeedwaterCaF2F-110ppm(asion)inrejectSrSO4Sr+210ppm(asion)inrejectBaSO4Ba+20.2ppm(asion)infeedwaterSiO2SiO2120ppm(asion)inreject;temperature15C胶状物质Colloidalor悬浮污垢物质SuspendedFoulants:MetaloxidesParticulatesSDI153.0Turbidity0.2NTUAl+30.1ppm(asion)infeedwaterFe+20.1ppm(asion)infeedwaterHeavymetals(i.e.FeorAl)existwithSiO2120ppm(asion)inrejectSulfur(i.e.H2S)infeedwaterSupplypipingiscorrodible(i.e.carbonsteel)Particulates5mpresent(i.e.silt,sand,iron)月机物质Organicsor生物污垢BiologicalFoulants:TOC10ppm(asC)infeedwaterWatersupplyisunchlorinatedBacterialevels104CFU/cm2infeedwaterDeadbiomasspresent各种污垢物质的沉积DepositTendencyofVariousFoulants*假定没有使用防水锈剂、防污垢剂和消毒杀菌剂Assumesnoantiscalant,antifoulantorsanitizerisused性能改善指导方法PerformanceEnhancementGuidelines污垢FoulantFoulantThreshold处理方法Treatment性能改善PerformanceEnhancement氯Chlorine0.1ppmfreeCl2(TFC)酸性亚硫酸盐Bisulfite0ppmfreeCl2CaCO3LSIindex0inreject防水锈剂UptoLSIindex=+2.3CaSO4Ca2++SO42-1000ppminreject防水锈剂3x溶解度Upto3xsolubilitylimitBaSO4Ba2+0.2ppminfeed防水锈剂Upto11xsolubilitylimitFeFe2+0.1ppminfeed防水锈剂Upto5xsolubilitylimit无水硅酸SilicaSiO2120ppminreject防水锈剂Upto250ppminreject微生物Microbio进水中细菌棒量Bacterialevel104CFU/cm2infeed生物杀灭剂BiocideUpto106CFU/cm2RO系统控制ROSystemMonitoring预处理控制Pretreatmentmonitoring残渣密度（SDI），混浊，pH，氧化剂SiltDensity(SDI),Turbidity,pH,oxidants温度、压力、TDSTemperature,pres