名词性从句

一、相关概念二、常见引导词三、种类四、八大常考考点什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句常见引导词：1）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分3）连接副词where,when,how,why等，有意义，在句中作状语4）从属连词if,whether（是否）(if只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句)从属连词连接代词连接副词that（无词义）,whether,if（是否）asif/asthough(好像)what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhen,where,how,why有词义，但不做成分有词义，做主，宾，表，定语成分有词义，做状语成分规律：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that引导且that连词在从句中不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且wh-连词在从句中作成分。主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语(表语）Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)Webelieve(that)heishonest.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn’tgothere.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如:1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.Whatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause引导词+时态+语序+人称+大小写+标点符号ObjectClauses宾语从句一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.Whether/if区别重点1、引导宾语从句在引导宾语从句时，whether和if通可以互换Idon’tknowif/whetherIcanhelpyou.Theydon’tcareabitwhethermyreportsaregoodorbad..但是，必须注意以下几点：1）如果从句是否定结构，则用if不用whether.例如：Well,think,andseeifthemostreligiouspeoplearen’tthosewhofellthatthislifedoesn’tgivethemalltheywant.2)宾语从句前置时只能用whether,如：Whetherhelivesthere,Iwanttoknow.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.3）在decide,dicuss等动词后，通常只跟whether引导的宾语从句。如：Theydicussedwhethertheyshouldclosetheshop.他们讨论是不是该关掉商店。Theoldladyhasnotdecidedwhethershewilllivewithherdaughterinthecountryside.4)出现在介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，如：Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot.5）句中含有引导条件状语从句的if时，用whether不用if，如：Billaskedwhether,ifIgotthejob,I’dmovetoYork.6）在现代英语中似乎有一种趋势，即说话人期望得到或估计会得到肯定答复时常用if，而在对答复时的肯定与否定没把握或不在意时则用whether.例如：Heaskedmeifhecouldcome.他问我他可不可以来。（暗示he想来）Heaskedmewhetherheshouldcome(ornot).他问我他是否该来。（暗示他对来不来都无所谓）7）在有些句子中，用if引导宾语从句可能会导致歧义的产生。因此，若要表达选择的含义最好用whether.例如：Youshouldtellyourmotherwhetheryouwanttogowithherforaholiday.你应该告诉你母亲你是否想和好一起度假。（若用if则可能被理解为是条件从句：如果你想和你母亲一起度假，你就应当告诉她。）Letmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.告诉我你来不来。（若把句中的whether改为if,则可能表示：如果你要来，请通知我）2．引导主语从句主语从句位于句首时，用whether不用if,如：Whethertheywinorloseisallthesametome.但是，当采用形式主语it,而将主语从句后置时，用whether和if均可（尽管whether更常用）：Itmakesnodifferencetomewhether/ifit’sfoggyorclear…3．引导表语从句引导表语从句时，一般用whether.：Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.ThequestionIwhetherwecangetthereintime.4．引导同位语从句引导同位语从句时一般用whether.例如：Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendasubstitutemustbedecidedupon,他该亲自来还是派人替他来，这个问题必须定下来。5．引导让步状语从句1)引导让步状语地，一般用whether.例如：Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.无论天气是好是坏，他们都将按计划启程。2）whether还可与分词、介词短语构成短语，在句中作让不状语，此时不可用if来替代whether::