世界经济论坛平台和生态系统赋能数字经济英文2019332页

BriefingPaperPlatformsandEcosystems:EnablingtheDigitalEconomyFebruary2019WorldEconomicForum91‑93routedelaCapiteCH‑1223Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.:[phone]Fax:[phone]Email:[e-mail]©2019WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.Theviewsexpressedarethoseofcertainparticipantsinthediscussion,anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofallparticipantsoroftheWorldEconomicForum.DeloittereferstooneormoreofDeloitteToucheTohmatsuLimited(“DTTL”),itsglobalnetworkofmemberfirmsandtheirrelatedentities.DTTL(alsoreferredtoas“DeloitteGlobal”)andeachofitsmemberfirmsarelegallyseparateandindependententities.DTTLdoesnotprovideservicestoclients.Pleasesee(collectively,the“Deloittenetwork”)is,bymeansofthispublication,renderingprofessionaladviceorservices.Beforemakinganydecisionortakinganyactionthatmayaffectyourfinancesoryourbusiness,youshouldconsultaqualifiedprofessionaladviser.NoentityintheDeloittenetworkshallberesponsibleforanylosswhatsoeversustainedbyanypersonwhoreliesonthispublication.IncollaborationwithDeloitteAuthors:MichaelG.Jacobides,LondonBusinessSchoolArunSundararajan,NewYorkUniversityMarshallVanAlstyne,BostonUniversity3PlatformsandEcosystems:EnablingtheDigitalEconomyContentsForeword5Executivesummary61.Theopportunityandchallengeofplatforms8MarshallVanAlstyne,BostonUniversityA.Changingthenatureofthefirm8B.Predictingchange9C.Buildingandopeningplatforms9D.Monetizationandrevenue112.Designingdigitalecosystems13MichaelG.Jacobides,LondonBusinessSchoolA.Fromdesigningproducts,servicesororganizations,todesigningdigitalecosystems13B.Whataredigitalecosystemsandhowcantheybeleveraged?14C.Buildingnewecosystems:Thebusinesschallenge16D.Aguidefornavigatingaworldofdigitalecosystems16E.Fromprivatebenefittopublicgood173.Blurringboundaries:Managingplatformtrust,responsibilityandgovernance19ArunSundararajan,NewYorkUniversityA.Platformtrust:Apeekunderthehood19B.Strikingtherightbalancebetweeninstitutionalanddigitaltrust20C.Sixgovernancechoicesthatcanmakeorbreakaplatform214.Howdigitalplatformsandecosystemscanreinvigoratepublic‑privatecollaboration24MichaelG.Jacobides,LondonBusinessSchoolArunSundararajan,NewYorkUniversityMarshallVanAlstyne,BostonUniversityAppendix:Keylessonsinbuildingadigitalplatformandecosystem26Acknowledgements27Endnotes294PlatformsandEcosystems:EnablingtheDigitalEconomy5PlatformsandEcosystems:EnablingtheDigitalEconomyForewordTheFourthIndustrialRevolutionisenabledbynewdigitalandphysicaltechnologieswithalmostlimitlessapplicability–andhugeimplicationsfortheeconomyandsociety.Newbusinessmodelsarebeingleveragednotonlybyemergingorganizationsbutalsobytraditionalentities,whichviewthemaseithercomplementarytowell‑establishedmodelsoraspotentialreplacementsoftheircorebusinesses.Thesubsequenteconomicdisruptionhasindeedbeenrevolutionary.Inafewshortyears,therankingofmostvaluablecompaniesbymarketcapitalizationhastotallyshiftedtobeingdominatedbyonebusinessmodel–digitalplatformsandecosystems.TheWorldEconomicForumhaslaunchedtheinitiativeonDigitalPlatformsandEcosystemsnotonlybecauseitisatopiconalmosteverycorporateboard’sagenda,butalsobecausedigitalplatformmodelsalreadydominateourdailylivesandourexperiencesasconsumers,employees,communitymembersandcitizens.Consideringtheimplicationsofplatformandecosystemmodelsforsociety,aswellastheopportunitiesandriskstheycouldpresentinthefuture,itseemsobvioustoaimforbroadcollaborationbetweenthepublicandprivatesectors,betweencorporategiantsandstart‑ups,andwithconsumer‑rightsgroupsandcivilsociety.ThetopicofdigitalplatformsandecosystemshasbeenamatterofsignificantinterestattheWorldEconomicForum.Theobjectiveofthisbriefingpaperistosynthesizesomeofthekeypointsthathavearisenduringanongoingsetofdiscussionsoverthelastyear.Weareverygratefultothethreeauthorswhocollaboratedonthisbriefingpaper,astheseacademics’professionalworkandideascontinuetotriggercross‑collaborationandaction‑orientedinteraction.Webelievetheideasexpressedhereofferfertilegroundforourstakeholderstocontinuetheconversation.DerekO’Halloran,Head,FutureofDigitalEconomyandSociety,MemberoftheExecutiveCommittee,WorldEconomicForumJolyonBarker,GlobalManagingPrincipal,ClientsandIndustries,Deloitte6PlatformsandEcosystems:EnablingtheDigitalEconomyExecutivesummaryDigitalplatformsareexpandingacrosseconomies,reshapingthebusinessmodelsofawiderangeofindustries,fromfinanceandhealthcaretomediaandretail,whilecreatingfundamentallynewdivisionsofpublicandprivateresponsibility.Thecompaniesdrivingthistrendarediverseanddisparate.Somearestart‑ups,othersaregiantsofthedigitaleconomy.Others,still,aretraditionalfirmsthatareadaptingtoamoredigitalworldbyadoptinganactiveplatformandecosystemstrategy.ThisbriefingpaperformspartoftheWorldEconomicForumSystemInitiativeonShap