1((2014-2020)(402013)10032015641037201612942?;;2:::::()1990(2005)()(Porter,1998)(Stamer,2002)(Lundva11,2009)(Martin&Ottaviano,1999),(2011)3:14()2003:;;;;;3A50%60%;332:Desakota(McGee,1991)(MikeDouglass,1991)5(Toppeta,2010)(Giffin}eretal,2007)((Bajracharya,1995)1()()6()350()3A5A()()