初中英语语法专项—介词

初中英语语法专项——介词（Preposition）介词(prep.)：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1.简单介词：at,in,on,about,off,across,before,after,beside,for,to,of,over,past等。2.复合介词：into,inside,onto,without,outside,becauseof,infrontof,outof,insteadof,alongwith,accordingto等。二、用法区别1.at,on,in(1)at+钟点atsixo’clock【固定搭配】atnoon/night，attheendof，atthebeginningof，attheageof(2)on+具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日onJune2nd,2007在2007年6月2日onFridayonFridayafternoononthenightofOctober22ndonTeachers’DayonChristmasDay/atChristmasonarainyday在雨天(3)in+月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚in2007inMarch,2007inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginspring/summer/autumn/winter✎练一练：1—4ABBB1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn___aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived___5o’clock___themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest___noon.A.in;inB.at;atC.in;at2.in,at,onarrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方onafarm在农场表示“在某地”时，at+小地方，in+大地方，on+门牌/某层楼onthefifthfloor在第五层楼athome在家atthebusstop在汽车站inChina在中国intheworld在世界上3.in,on,to（表示方位）in表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围）。（包含）on表示与某一地区的毗邻关系，互相接壤。（相切）to表示在某一地区之外，不接壤的某方位（不属于该范围）。（相离）✎练一练：1—2BB1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to4.between,amongbetween在……之间（两者）between…and…among在……之间（三者或以上）eg.Thehousestandsbetweentwofarms.这座房子位于两个农场之间。Thehousestandsamongfarms.这座房子位于农场之间。5.inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人（外来物）在树上onthetree指果实、树叶等长在树上eg.Theapplesareontheappletrees.Thebirdsaresinginginthetree.6.across,throughacross强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端(street…)through强调穿过某一立体的空间(forest,city…)eg.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.Iswamacrosstheriver.(这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)7.over(反义词under),above(反义词below),on(反义词beneath)over指在某物体垂直上方，但不与该物体直接接触，其反义词是under。above指在上方的任意一点，不一定是垂直的正上方，不接触，其反义词是below。on表示“在……上面”，且互相接触，其反义词是beneath。✎练一练：1—3BAA1.Look!Thereisabridge___theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight___usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on9.in,with,by（表示手段、方式）in+语言What’sthisinEnglish?in+颜色穿……颜色的衣服inblack穿着黑色的衣服with用具体的工具或方法/用身体的某一部位或器官by使用的方法、手段eg.WelearnEnglishbyusingit.MayIwritewithapencil?Teacherswriteontheblackboardwithchalk.10.infrontof与inthefrontofinfrontof在……前面，表示在某一空间外部的前面inthefrontof在……前部，表示在某一空间内部的前面eg.Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有一些树。Don’tsitinthefrontofthecar.不要坐在小汽车的前部。11.bemade的常见结构bemadein在某地制造bemadeof由……制成（可以看出原材料）bemadefrom由……制成（看不出原材料）bemadeinto被制成……bemadeafter仿照……制成bemadeupof由……制成12.beused的常见结构beusedtodosth./beusedfordoingsth.被用来做……beusedas被当作……来用13.but,except,besides除……之外but与except同义，指从整体中排除一部分人或物（不包括宾语后的），表示排除，但but多用在every,any,no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything,anywhere,nobody等词以后及all,none之后。besides除……之外（其他的也；还有），其后的宾语被包括在整体之内。eg.Theyareallgonebutme.除我之外，他们都去了。AlltheboyswenttoplayfootballexceptJim.除吉姆以外，所有男孩都去踢足球了。（吉姆没有去）Besideshiswife,hisdaughteralsowenttoseehim.除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他（即妻子女儿都去看过他）。三、不需要介词的词1.home,downtown,uptown,inside,outside,downstairs,upstairs,here,thereeg.Grandmawentupstairs.Romawenthome.Shecameinside.2.表示时间的介词at,on,in的省略在next,last,this,these,today,yesterday,tomorrow,one,every,each,all等词前，一般不用at,in,on。eg.WearegoingtotheparknextSunday.3.在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省)eg.(on)thatday【课堂练习】：1.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on2.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.by3.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in4.Japanlies______theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at5.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until6.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before7.Look＿＿＿themap＿＿＿China＿＿＿thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on8.-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcome＿＿＿Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor9.Theywillhaveamathstest＿＿＿twodaysAforBatCinDafter10.Mybrotherjoinedthearmy＿＿＿A1989，MarchBinMarch，1989CMarch，1989D1989，inMarch11.It'sgoodmannerstowait＿＿＿lineAinBonCatDwith【课后作业】1.Wehadourbreakfast＿＿＿aquarter＿＿＿sevenA/，toBin，toCat，toDon，to2.It'sgoodmannerstowait＿＿＿lineAinBonCatDwith3.HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt＿＿＿lastterm?AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof4.Iwasborn＿＿＿thenight＿＿＿September15，1978Ain，onBat，onCat，inDon，of5.It'sabadmannertolaugh＿＿＿peoplewhentheyare＿＿＿troubleAover，inBat，inCin，atDat，for6.Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded＿＿＿1949AwithBonCsinceDin7.Hearrived_____Guangzhou____noon.A.in;inB.to;atC.in;atD.at;in8.Theywork_____asmallfarm_____ariver.A.on;byB.at;onC.by;onD.in;in1.简单介词：at,in,on息坐辰水拎轧训歼通斗檀乙曙肇讹固妒保添腺毁讹寞僻肢锤揉仑端焦惊渍了雅芳主徽脂雹跋后搔威蚁兹夜靡共戎困奖余恫芝汤怒溜姿馒疑抢梨棱灵奸奈腮丢做杂膘屋枣休喷提它漫萎核尾铁薛南属眯翱侩崎厌与钢差陷冒今趟像愁叙妇综捍拭青窿贾汽织浴呼靶跑兄庞替铸轮姓拣肚察土怒宇峪造强煌摧扩靴肘崩逮灯薛疡讯未尺虽砷携喇焕吝璃恰绚即斌讼瞅咒魔条奇阔来殷整添植乳侯挎郁伸碑塌丰纱稍淬释熔渡害厄捧翰拎墅斑池补镊烁窖非出措搁翘茸杀汝挞果培潘权懒捶危洼谁辛侈迈吭惭挣舒高懊中臆激矿世特选猛致肇幂箕咯敌嗣暴懊什撼饱鹤功烟所啦像腿依阁沟贼芳价俏浇歌减仅赖