ash报告预测英国已有320万人使用电子烟2012年的4倍多大健康英文2018915页

Useofe-cigarettes(vapourisers)amongadultsinGreatBritainSeptember2018SUMMARYOFFINDINGSAwarenessanduse•Anestimated3.2millionadultsinGreatBritaincurrentlyusee-cigarettes(vape),upfrom700,000in2012,thefirstyearASHcollectedfiguresfore-cigaretteuse(table1).1•Therearenowmoreex-smokers(1.7million)whousee-cigarettesthancurrentsmokers(1.4million).Thismeansthatoverhalf(52%)ofe-cigaretteusersareex-smokerswith44%beingcurrenttobaccosmokers.•Themainreasongivenbycurrentvapersforuseofe-cigarettesistohelpthemstopsmokingPerceptionsofharm•Publicperceptionsofharmfrome-cigarettesremaininaccuratewithonly17%ofrespondentscorrectlystatingthate-cigarettesarealotlessharmfulthansmoking.Productsandregulation•Only2%ofcurrentvapersreportusingane-liquidcontainingover20mg/ml(thelimitintheTobaccoProductsDirective)•Liquidscontainingnicotinearebeingusedbythemajorityofvapersbutusersaremuchmorelikelytoreportthattheyhavedecreasedratherthanincreasedtheirstrengthovertime.BACKGROUND-HEALTHEFFECTSOFVAPINGCOMPAREDTOSMOKINGTOBACCOCIGARETTESUsinge-cigarettes(or‘vaping’)isconsiderablylessharmfulthansmokingtobaccocigarettes2.Thisisbecausethedangerfromsmokingprimarilycomesfromtheinhalationof,andexposureto,tobaccosmoke.Thesmokefromtobaccocigarettescontainsalargenumberoftoxicantswhichcanbehighlydamagingtothehealthofusers.E-cigarettes,incontrast,donotcontainorburntobacco.Instead,theyheatasolutioncontainingnicotine,flavouringsandotheradditiveswhichdeliversnicotinevapourtotheuser.Whilstnicotineconsumedthroughinhaledtobaccosmokeisaddictive,long-termuseofnicotine(intheformofnicotinereplacementtherapy,NRT)hasnotbeenfoundtoincreasetheriskofserioushealthproblems.Thecurrentbestestimateisthate-cigarettesareatleast95%lessharmfultoyourhealththantobaccocigarettes,afigurewhichhasbeenendorsedbyPublicHealthEngland.ASHSURVEYSThisfactsheetreportstheresultsoftheASHSmokefreeGBsurveysontheuseofe-cigarettesamongadultsinGreatBritain.ASHincludedquestionsone-cigaretteuseinthisannualsurveystartingin2010withquestionsaddressedonlytoFormoreASHfactsheetsvisit:’sCollegeLondon,hasestimatedthenumberofe-cigaretteusersbysmokingstatusinGreatBritain.InMarch2013anadditionalsurveyofchildrenaged11to18wasconducted,theASHSmokefreeYouthsurvey.Thishasbeenrepeatedannuallysincethen.InsummarytheASHSmokefreeYouthSurveyshowsthatregularuseofe-cigarettesamongstchildrenandyoungpeopleisrareandisconfinedalmostentirelytothosewhocurrentlyorhavepreviouslysmoked.Forfulldetailsone-cigaretteuseamongchildrenpleaseseetheASHe-cigaretteyouthfactsheet.SincetheASH-commissionedSmokefreeGBsurveyfirstcommenced,therehavebeenanumberofothersurveyswhichhavegathereddataone-cigaretteuse.TheSmokingToolkitStudyisprobablythemostextensiveoftheseandtrackssmokingande-cigaretteusethroughouttheyearinEngland.ThefindingsfromtheSmokefreeGBsurveyandtheSmokingToolkitStudyarebroadlyconsistentalthoughdifferencesinthepopulationscovered,definitionsofsmokingstatusandhowthesurveysareconductedleadtosmalldifferencesinresults.ThroughoutthisfactsheetwerefertothefindingsoftheSmokingToolkitStudyasfurtherillustrationofthepatternsofe-cigaretteuse.ForthefullfindingsfromtheSmokingToolkitStudyvisit:(6.2%oftheadultpopulation).Ofthese,approximately1.4million(44.2%)aresmokers,1.7million(51.6%)areex-smokersand100,000(4.2%)arenevertobaccosmokers(table1).Thismeansthatforthelastfewyearsthemajorityofe-cigaretteusershavebeenex-smokersratherthancurrentsmokers(oftobaccocigarettes).Therehasbeenasignificantgrowthinthenumberofe-cigaretteusersoverthepast6years.In2012therewerearound700,000vapers,1.7%ofthepopulation.Thishasincreasedto3.2millionvapersin2018,6.2%ofthepopulation.Therateofuptakeofe-cigaretteswasmuchgreaterearlieron(between2012and2013therewasan86%increaseinthenumberofadultvapers).However,numbersarestillrising;between2017and2018thenumberhasincreasedfrom2.9millionto3.2million,a10%rise(table1).Since2014,therehasbeenanincreaseintheproportionofcurrente-cigaretteusersthatareex-smokers.In201435%ofcurrentvaperswereex-smokersand63%weresmokers.However,overtimethishaschangedandsince2017theproportionofcurrente-cigaretteusersthatareex-smokershasbeenhigherthantheproportionthataresmokers(figure1).2012201320142015201620172018Numberofvapers700,0001.3mil-lion2.1mil-lion2.6mil-lion2.8mil-lion2.9mil-lion3.2mil-lionYearonyearrateofchange+86%+62%+24%+8%+4%+10%Table1.Numberofe-cigaretteusers(vapers)inGreatBritainFormoreASHfactsheetsvisit: