2017年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题1词、短语辨析(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词)形容词1.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smartphonesdefeated________PCsinsales.A.controversialB.contradictoryC.confidentialD.conventional2.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But________explanationsarehardtofind.A.alternativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparentA考查形容词辨析。alternative“可供选择的”,符合句意。aggressive好斗的,有进取心的;ambiguous模糊不清的;apparent显然的。句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。但是很难找到可供选择的解释。4.—IwanttoseeMrWhite.Wehaveanappointment.—I'msorry,butheisnot________atthemoment,forthemeetinghasn'tended.A.busyB.activeC.concernedD.availableD考查形容词。根据回答“…forthemeetinghasn'tended.”可知怀特先生现在没空,故选D项。available可表示“(人)有空的”。busy忙碌的;active活跃的;concerned担忧的。句意:“我想见怀特先生。我们有一个约定。”“很抱歉,此刻他没空,因为会议还没有结束。”连词与介词5.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards________we'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.butB.orC.forD.soD考查连词。so(that)意为“为了……,以便……”,由句意可知答案选D。句意:“彼得,请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”6.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving________fishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.byB考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“在……产业里”,故用介词in。句意:许多住在海边的人以捕鱼业为生。7.Determiningwhereweare________oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrasttoB.indefenseofC.infaceofD.inrelationto8.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe________treesthatareover1,000yearsold.A.amongB.againstC.behindD.belowA考查介词。根据“…treesthatareover1,000yearsold.”可知是置身于这些树木之中,应选A项。among在……当中;against以……为背景,衬托;behind在……后面;below在……下面。句意:当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉森林时,你会置身在那些树龄超过1000年的树林中。9.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.________,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.A.OnaverageB.AtbestC.InreturnD.AfterallC考查介词短语。根据句意可知这是两方面的事情,因此选C项。inreturn反过来,作为回报;onaverage平均来看;atbest充其量,至多;afterall毕竟,终究。句意:我们向学生提供优质的教育,同时也希望学生努力学习。动词10.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp________youryearahead.A.shapeB.switchC.stretchD.sharpenA考查动词辨析。根据题意可知此处表示“规划你的来年”,故shape“塑造,规划”,符合句意。switch转换;stretch伸展;sharpen提高,改善。句意:在年底快速回顾你的成功和失败有助于规划你的来年。动词短语11.WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas________thebestinherasadoctor.A.heldoutB.broughtoutC.pickedoutD.givenout12.A8MrandMrsBrownwouldliketoseetheirdaughter________,getmarried,andhavekids.A.settledownB.keepoffC.getupD.cutinA考查动词短语。根据“…getmarried,andhavekids.”可知是安顿下来,然后结婚生子。settledown安顿下来,定居;keepoff使避开,不接近;getup起床,站起来;cutin插嘴,打断别人说话。句意:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。13.Fredlet________thathewaspreparedtoleavecompanywhenthenewmanagertookoffice.A.secretB.slipC.promiseD.standard【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。letslip意为偶然说出,偶然泄露(秘密)等,后面常跟that从句说明偶然泄露的内容,其他选项均不能与let搭配。故选B。14.—HowmuchdoyouchargefortheiPhone?—Well,itcostme$400,butI’ll________20%asit’snolongernew.A.reducetoB.decreasetoC.knockoffD.cutoff【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A.reduceto减少至;B.decreaseto降低至;C.knockoff减少;D.cutoff切断,剪下。题意为因为手机不是新的,所以价格减少20%。故选C。15.—Whatabouttheprotectionofthesenewmachines?—Let’skeepthesurface________dustbyputtingacoveroverthem.A.farfromB.apartfromC.freefromD.awayfrom【答案】C16.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheprofessor’sspeech?—IwaslisteningcarefullybutIcouldnot________everythinghesaid.Hespoketoomanylocalidioms.A.takeonB.takeinC.takeupD.takeover【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A.takeon承担,呈现;B.takein理解,接受;C.takeup拿起,从事;D.takeover接任,接管。根据句意“我很认真地听,但我一点也不理解他说的话。他说了太多的当地俗语了”可知,B选项合适。故选B。17.Itiswidelyacknowledgedinforeigncompaniesthatemployeesshouldbe________intermsofinnovationcapability.A.examinedB.evolvedC.evaluatedD.encouraged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A.examined测试;B.evolved进化,发展;C.evaluated评估,评价;D.encouraged鼓励。根据句意“在外企,众所周知,应从创新能力这一方面来评估员工”。故选C。18.—Davidisagreenhandatsuchthings.—ButIbelieveheisquite________tothetask.A.relevantB.accessibleC.equalD.unique【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。四个选项与be··to搭配后的意思分别为A.relevant与··相关;B.accessible易受影响的;C.equal与··相等;等于D.unique只有··才有。根据题意“但是我相信他能胜任这项任务”可知,C项合适。故选C。19.—Itreallyannoysmewhenone’ssmartphonegoesoffduringameeting!—Yeah,metoo.Itreally________.A.beatsmybrainsoutB.pullsmylegC.getsonmynervesD.hangsinhere【答案】C20.We’dbetterdiscusseverything___________beforeweworkouttheplan.A.indetailB.ingeneralC.onpurposeD.intime【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:在我们制定计划之前,我们最好详细地讨论每件事。indetail详细地;ingeneral通常,大体上;onpurpose故意地;ontime准时,按时。故选A。21.Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremained_______;peoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.A.unchallengedB.relevantC.contradictoryD.controversial【答案】D【解析】试题分析:A未受到挑战的;不成问题的;未引起争论的;无异议的;B有关的,中肯的;相关联的;确切的;有重大意义的;Dadj.矛盾的;反驳的;抗辩的;句义:这个地区的建筑物是否要被拆毁事关重大,人们仍然在寻找其他可能的解决方法。根据句义说明本句的relevant表示有重大意义的。故B正确。考点:考察形容词词义辨析22.Undergoodtreatment,manypatientsarebeginningto________andwillsoonrecover.A.turnupB.catchupC.pickupD.showup【答案】C23.Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourfinances,noonecan_______whentheunexpectedwillhappen.A.proveB.implyC.demandD.predict【答案】D【解析】动词prove证明,结果是…;imply涉及…;demand要求,命令;predict预测;预见;句意:无论你多么详细地计划你的经济,没有人能够预测那些无法预料的事情何时回发生。根据but说明上下文之间是转折关系,虽然你做了详细的计划,但是意料之外的事情是无法预料的。根据句意说明D正确。24.Tomissocreativeapersonthathealwayshaslotsof_________ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedon’tevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.A.meanB.novelC.slimD.instant【答案】B【解析】句意:汤姆是那样一个有创造力的人,以致他头脑中总是有很多新奇的想法;有时我们甚至不知道他在想什么。mean卑鄙的;novel新奇的;slim苗条的;instant立即的。故选B。25.Theforeignersherearegreatlyimpressedbythef