翻译倒置法

InversionRestructuring/InversionTranslationTechniquesDifferencesofWordOrderincustomarywordcombinationinattributivephrases&clausesinadverbialphrases&clauses早晚soonerorlater得失lossandgain贫富之间的收入差距theincomegapbetweenrichandpoorThereweremen,women,youngandold.Themoodwassomewhatfestive.男女老少都来了，有点儿节日气氛。customarywordcombination三三两两bytwosandthrees来来回回toandfro,backandforth中小国家smallandmedium-sizedcountries救死扶伤healthewoundedandrescuethedyingcustomarywordcombination黑白blackandwhite上下upanddown东南西北north,south,eastandwest衣食住food,clothingandhousing你我他you,heandIInE-Ctranslation,theorderofpostmodifiersshouldberearranged,theyshouldbeputinthefrontposition.E:post-modifierC:pre-modifierAttributivesHehasputforwardasolutiontotheproblematonceeconomicalandpractical.他提出了一个既经济又可行的解决问题的办法。Heisthebestactoralive.他是当代最优秀的男演员。Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinhisresearchwork.他想找一个可靠的人来帮他做研究工作。Theydiscoveredsomethingunexpectedintheexperiment.实验中，他们发现了一些出乎意料的事。Wehavefoundtherightwaytoformthissubstance.我们已经找到了形成这种物质的正确方法。Thedigitsonthescreenoftheelectronicwatchtellustime.电子表屏幕上的数字告诉我们时间。县官行令色国材嘞！限观形龄色国材类限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性的物主代词、名词所有格、序数词、基数词）→描绘性形容词（观点形容词）→大小、长短、形状→新旧、年龄→颜色→国籍、出处→材料→用途、类别限定词(first,my,a……)+观点(beautifulnice……)+形状(big，long，round……)+年龄(old……)+颜色(red……)+国家(Chinese……)+材质(wooden……)+类别(female…)AprettylittlelongsquareoldblackChinesewoodenwritingdesk.贫穷落后的国家apoor,backwardcountry多风多雨的天气rainyandstormyweather勤劳、勇敢的中国人民thebrave,hard-workingChinesepeopleAttributivephrasesorclauses冬天寒冷的早晨acoldwintermorning发生在俄勒冈的一场森林大火abigforestfireinOregon中国当代杰出诗人anoutstandingcontemporaryChinesepoetAttributivephrasesorclauses•1.一堵红砖高墙•2.她那张圆圆的粉色小脸•3.非常吸引人的一枚绿色的三角形邮票4.美国有名的医疗机构•Ahighredbrickwall•Hersmallroundpinkface•quiteanattractivetrianglegreenstampawell-knownAmericanmedicalinstitutionIwillwearnoclotheswhichwilldistinguishmefrommyfellowmen.我不喜欢穿那种使我显得与众不同的衣服。Thosewhodidnotdiefromsmallpox(天花)usuallycarriedscarsontheirfacesforlife.那些没有死于天花的人通常脸上都终生留下疤痕。AttributiveClause–restrictiveThisistheveryhotelwheretheyspenttheirhoneymoon.这正是他们曾经度蜜月的那家旅馆。Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。AttributiveClause–restrictive鲁迅是文化战线上,代表全民族的大多数,最勇敢、最忠实、最热忱的空前的民族英雄。Representingthegreatmajorityofthenationontheculturalfront,LuXunwasthebravest,themostloyalandardentnationalherowithoutparallelinourhistory.AttributiveclausesAttributiveClause–ChinesetoEnglishPositionsofadverbials:InEnglishsentences:a)beforeoraftertheVerb;b)attheendofthesentenceC)atthebeginningInChinesesentences:a)generallyprecedetheVerb;b)atthebeginningAdverbialsPositionsofadverbials昨天晚上7点半在剧院门口，我遇到了我多年未见的中学同学。Iencounteredmymiddleschoolclassmateattheentranceofthetheatreat7:30yesterdayevening,whomIhaven’tseenforyears.她每天早晨在教学楼前大声朗读。Shereadsaloudinfrontoftheteachingbuildingeverymorning.王教授此刻正在实验室和他的两个新助手一道工作。ProfessorWangisworkingwithhistwonewassistantsinthelaboratoryatthemoment.AdverbialmodifierHecannotbeoperateduponasheisveryweak.他身体很弱不能动手术。ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.我原打算在今年一月访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这使我深感失望。Logicsequence因、果、分析、结论Chinastilllagsbehindtheadvancedcountriesintermsofeconomicdevelopment.从经济发展方面看，中国仍落后于先进国家。Timesequence时间先后IshallanswerhisletterassoonasIhaveamomenttospare.我一有空就会给他回信。TherearemanywonderfulstoriestotellabouttheplacesIvisitedandthepeopleImet.我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着哩。IwentoutforawalkafterIhadmydinner.吃完晚饭后我就去散步了。似乎过了好久才轮到我。Itseemedalongtimebeforemyturncame.Timesequence时间先后comparison知己知彼，百战不殆。Youcanfightahundredbattleswithoutdefeatifyouknowtheenemyaswellasyourself.Ifyouknowtheenemyaswellasyourself,youcanfightahundredbattleswithoutdefeat.五、倒装句词序的调整倒装句词序的调整由于语法、修辞或句子结构等原因，英语句子成分的基本顺序有时会发生变化，出现所谓的“倒装词序”。就英汉翻译而言，问题往往产生在那些为了强调修辞目的而故意颠倒词序的倒装句。翻译这种倒装句时，首先要理解全句内容，然后再根据汉语的习惯酌情处理。(1)Somethingwegladlyremember;otherswegladlyforget.(2)Onlyafterhehadperformedhundredsofexperimentsdidhesucceedinsolvingtheproblem.只是在做了几百次试验之后，他才把这一问题解决了。有些事我们乐意记住，有些事我们却乐得忘却。五、倒装句词序的调整(3)Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenasunitedasitistoday.(4)Littledowesuspectthatthiscountryisrichinnaturalresources.我们不怎么怀疑这个地区自然资源丰富。今天，我们的国家空前团结。五、倒装句词序的调整(5)Weretherenolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinueindefinitelyonceitstarted.(6)Woodcannotconductelectricity,norcanglass.木头不导电，玻璃也如此。如果不存在由摩擦而产生的能量损失，运动一经开始，就会永远继续下去。Practice1.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferentscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandothervantagesthatwhitesenjoy.2.他穿过马路时，左顾右盼,害怕撞到过路的车子上。3.丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就少积累一点。Practice2.他穿过马路时，左顾右盼,害怕撞到过路的车子上。Whilecrossingthestreet,helookedrightandleft,afraidthathemightrunintosomepassingcar.3.丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就少积累一点。Accumulatemoreingoodyearsandlessornoneinyearswhenthecropshalffailortotallyfail.Practice1.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotheradvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.相反，行为主义学家认为，成绩的差异是由于白人在教育及其他方面享有许多有利条件，而这些条件黑人则被剥夺了。ACaseStudyThetechniqueoforgantrans