兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究

ResearchonThecompetitivenessofenterprisesoflistedcompanyinCorpsADissertationSubmittedtoShiheziUniversityInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterofManagementScienceByLiHui（EnterpriseManagement）DissertationSupervisor:Prof.ZhangHong-liMay,2014兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究I兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究I摘要新疆建设兵团（以下简称兵团）成立有其特殊的历史背景和意义，但是随着时代的发展，它的使命不单单是屯垦、戍边，还肩负着促进兵团经济发展的新使命。兵团占据我国农垦面积的五分一，兵团的全面发展离不开农业的支持。但是传统的农业发展已经跟不上时代的步伐，所以必须加快现代农业发展的跨度。实现现代农业的关键就是要实现农业产业化，而产业化的进程则离不开强大的龙头企业的带动。龙头企业作为“农户-市场”的桥梁，对促进兵团农业增效、农民增收发挥着决定性的作用，同时也可以活跃当地市场经济，所以快速扶持、发展一批具有强劲核心竞争力的龙头企业对促进兵团经济发展具有十分重要的意义。兵团上市农业龙头企业多为国企改革而来，国企改革的初衷是企图通过资本市场解决国企融资和建立现代企业制度，提高企业核心竞争力，然而进入资本市场的国有企业不但没有改掉原来的弊病，反而又染上了内部人控制的新疾，严重扭曲了资本市场的功能。从客观上使资本市场变成了一个黑箱操作、投机成风、泡沫愈演愈烈的、潜伏着巨大危机的场所。同时，由于兵团龙头企业底子薄、基础差，在资金、技术、人才和知识架构上与全国相比仍有很大差距。虽然近年来借助西部大开发和援疆政策的支持，兵团农业龙头企业得到快速发展，但由于产业化程度低，产业链短，农产品附加值低、易损耗等，与其他行业和全国同类行业企业平均水平相比，兵团农业产业化龙头企业竞争力仍处于劣势地位。因此文中以新疆（含兵团）33家上市企业为样本，对比分析兵团八家上市农业产业化国家级重点龙头企业，从盈利及发展能力、抗风险能力、运营能力和人员素质能力构建了企业竞争力评价指标，对兵团上市龙头企业竞争力展开研究，同时采用公司治理的角度对兵团企业竞争力问题进行剖析，认为企业竞争力的提升与公司内部治理机制、外部治理环境、管理和市场创新水平、资本运营能力、技术创新能力等有很大关系，以此为根据提出了兵团上市龙头企业竞争力提升的政策建议。关键词：企业竞争力；竞争力评价指标体系；公司治理兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究IIAbstractXinjiangProductionandConstructionCorps（hereinafterreferredtoastheCorps）hasestablisheditsspecialhistoricalbackgroundandsignificance,butwiththedevelopmentofthetimes.Itsmissionisnotonlysettlements,frontiers,butalsoshouldertheCorps’newmissiontopromoteeconomicdevelopment.Corpshasone-fifthofChina'sStateFarmsarea,therefore,thecomprehensivedevelopmentoftheCorpswithoutthesupportofagriculture.Traditionalagriculturaldevelopmenthasnotkeptpacewiththetimes,sowemustacceleratethepaceofmodernagriculture.Modernagricultureiscriticaltoachievetheindustrializationofagriculture,whichisinseparablefromtheprocessofindustrializationdrivenbystrongleadingenterprises.Leadingenterprisesas“farmers-market“bridgeplaysadecisiveroletopromoteagriculturalefficiencyandruralincomes,alsocanactivethelocalmarketeconomy.SoithasaveryimportantmeaningtosupportthedevelopmentofanumberofstrongcorecompetitivenessoftheleadingcompaniesontheCorps.Corpsleadingenterprises,mostlybasedonSOEreform.ThepurposeofthereformofSOEistoresolvetheSOEfinancingthroughthecapitalmarketsandestablishmodernenterprisesystemandimprovethecorecompetitivenessofenterprises.However,SOEnotonlyfailedtogetridoftheshortcomingsoftheoriginal,buthascontractedanewdiseaseofinternalcontrol,seriouslydistortthecapitalmarketfunctions.Letthecapitalmarkethasbecomeaplaceofaninternalcapitalmarkettransactions.Meanwhile,duetothepoorfoundationCorpsleadingenterprisesinthecapital,technology,talentandknowledgeframeworkwiththenationalstillhasabiggap.AlthoughinrecentyearswiththesupportofthewesterndevelopmentandYuan-jiangpolicy,Corpsagriculturalenterpriseshavedevelopedrapidly.However,duetothelowlevelofindustrialization,shortindustrialchain,lowvalue-added,easytowearandtearetc.,comparedwithotherindustriesandthenationalaverageforsimilarindustriesenterprises,Corpscompetitivenessremainspoor.InthispaperXinjiang（includingCorps）33listedcompaniesassamplestoanalysisofnationalAgriculturalIndustrializationKeyLeading.Webuildacompetitiveenterpriseevaluationindexincludingprofitanddevelopmentcapabilities,anti-riskability,operationalcapabilityandpotentialcompetitivenessetc.,adopttheperspectiveofcorporategovernancefortheCorpstoanalyzethecompetitivenessofenterprises’issues,Concludedthatenhancethecompetitivenessofenterpriseshaveagreatrelationshipwithinternalcorporategovernancemechanisms,externalgovernanceenvironment,managementandthelevelofmarketinnovation,capitaloperationability,technicalinnovation,etc.Onthisbasis,weproposepolicyrecommendationstoenhancethecompetitivenessofCorpsleadingcompanies.Keywords:thecompetitivenessofenterprises;competitivenessevaluationindexsystem;corporategovernance兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究兵团上市龙头企业竞争力研究目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................IAbstract.......................................................................................................................................II第一章绪论...............................................................................................................................11.1.研究背景、目的和意义.............................................................................................11.2.国内外研究综述.........................................................................................................21.3.研究内容、方法和思路.............................................................................................6第二章研究主体界定及企业竞争力相关理论基础...............................................................92.1.兵团上市龙头企业界定.............................................................................................92.2.企业竞争力理论基础.................................................................................................9第三章兵团上市龙头企业发展现状及作用.........................................................................133.1.兵团上市龙头企业发展现状..................................................