新课标2020高考英语总复习第三讲阅读理解3.4推理判断一细节推断题课件

第三讲阅读理解第四节推理判断(一)细节推断题母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere­bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself­reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.28.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.28．推理判断题。根据第二段的统计数据可知，该段主要讲人们的用餐习惯。答案：B30．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流)．”可知Mazoleny与barkeeper交流时可以直呼其名，可知他们之间是熟悉的。答案：D30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.[语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要讲述了人们现在更习惯于独自用餐、享受一个人的自由时光。这也已经成为一种趋势。[长难句分析]Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流)．(倒数第二段第二句)句意：他喜欢安静地坐着看手机信息，或者如果他想和酒吧服务员有一点互动时，可以直呼其名。[分析]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导的是一个宾语从句，从句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句；withwhom是“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句。【方法点津】明确细节推断题的干扰项特点1．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。2．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。3．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。4．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。5．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文义范围的限定，有时通过加上almost，all，nearly，morethan，normally，usually等词语对文义加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。在进行推理时，要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法，主观臆断。其次要洞悉暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机；如本文第28题，如果考生不尊重原文，只凭自己的想法，做题时就容易误选D项。AOnceuponatime，BirbalandAkbarwalkedalongsideabeautifullake.AsimplequestionoccurredtoBirbal:howfaramancangotohavemoney？HeexpressedittoAkbar，whosatdownandtouchedthewaterinthelakewhilelisteningtoBirbal.Heatoncetookhishandoutrealizingthebitingcold.Heexclaimedthatnoonewouldeverspendanightinthiscoldwaterforanyamountofmoney.Birbalbelievedthatsomeonecould.AkbarasdeterminedonhisbeliefaseverchallengedBirbaltobringonesuchperson，andhewouldgrantthatmanonethousandgoldcoins.Birbalkeptlookingforsuchamaneverywhereuntilhefoundone.Hehappenedtobeapoorguydesperateenoughtoriskacoldnighttohavethegoldcoins.Akbar，hearingthenews，senthistrustyguardstomakesurethatthepoorguystayedinwaterforthewholenight.Surprisingly，thenextmorning，thepoormancametoAkbaraftercompletinghischallenge，soundandhealthy，anddemandedhismuchawaitedreward.Akbarcouldn'tbelieveitandaskedhowhemanagedtospendthewholenightoutthere.Thepoormantalkedaboutalightpostthathesawaroundthelakewhichhekeptinfocusallnight.Hebelievedthatbykeepinghisattentionfocusedonthelamp，hemanagedtoavoidthinkingaboutthecold.Tohissurprise，Akbarrefusedtogivehimthegoldcoinsasheusedlamp'senergytokeephimselfwarm.Thepoorman，disappointedandhurt，informedBirbal.Birbaldidn'tmakeittothecourtnextday.WhenAkbarinquired，Birbalconveyedthemessagethathecouldn'tmakeitunlesshiskhichdi(印度米豆粥)wasready.Afterwaitingforseveralhours，AkbaralongwithhisguardswenttovisitBirbal.Birbalhadapotofkhichdihangingfromtheroofoftheroomseveralfeetawayfromthefire，AkbaraskedBirbalhowheexpectedforafiretocookkhichdifromsuchadistance.Birbalveryintelligentlyrepliedthatheusedthesamewaythepoormanreceivedwarmthfromalamppostsofarawayfromhimself.Akbaronceleftspeechlessandhadtopaythepoormanintheend.1．Thepoormanwasusedtotest________.A．whetherhewasdeterminedornotB．howloyaltheguardswerewhiletheywereonamissionC．whatrolethelightplayedwhilepeoplewereindangerD．whatpossibleactionamanmaytaketogetmoney[语篇解读]本文是记叙文。为了测试人们为了挣钱会做什么，Birbal和Akbar想到了冰冷的湖水，看看有没有人愿意为钱在水中待一夜。结果一位穷人做到了，却没有得到应得的报酬。聪明的大臣想办法解决了问题，使国王兑现了承诺。1．D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AsimplequestionoccurredtoBirbal：howfaramancangotohavemoney？”可得出答案，这样做的目的是测试人们为了