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EnglishGrammarTheInfinitive不定式语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/一般式:表示与谓语的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。Heseemstoknowit.Shewishestopassthecomingexam.完成式:表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。HeseemstohavebeentoJapan.HeissaidtohavejoinedthePartyin1943.进行式：表示在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIentered.完成进行式:表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前,并且目前还在进行。We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.Heissaidtohavebeenlivingherefor6decades.不定式的否定：not+不定式Hepretendednottoseemewhenpassingbyme.Heseemsnottohavebeenthere.1.作主语2.作表语3.作定语5.作宾补不定式6.作状语7.作同位语8.作独立成分4.作宾语2.作表语：Mywishistogoabroadforfurtherstudies.3.作定语,表示要干的事：Ihaveacompositiontowrite.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearis150squaremetres.一、不定式可作以下句子成分：1.作主语,亦可用it作形式主语：Totakeexerciseeverydayisbeneficialtohealth.Itisnecessarytolearnmaths.5.做宾补：Iwantmydaughtertoplaythepianoforanhoureveryday.Withlotsofworktodo,hehadtogiveupthetriptotheGreatWall.注：有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补,比如have,make,watch,see,hear,let,notice等。We’llhavehimspeakattomorrow’smeeting.4.做宾语：HewantstoenterTsinghuaUniversity.有些动词可用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语不定式放在后面：Ithinkitnecessarytoexerciseeveryday.6.作状语：1)表示目的:Tokeephisfamily,heworked12hoursaday.Heroseearlysoastocatchthe8:30train.He’seconomicalwithmeatinordertopayoffthedebts.2)表示结果：Hewokeuptofindhiswalletmissing.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Hewalkedtoofast(forme)tocatchupwith.Hewalkedsofastasnottotakenoticeofme.Heissuchagoodkidastobelovedbyallofus.3)表示程度:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hespokefastenoughformenottounderstand.Thequestioniseasyenoughforhertoanswer.4)表示原因:Hewassurprisedtohearthenews.Shewepttothinkofherdeadmother.5)表示条件:Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindacinema.7.作同位语:Hiswishtoenterafamousuniversityiscertaintocometrue.Ourgeneraltask,tobuildChinaintoapowerfulcountry,willsurelybecompleted.8.作独立成分:Totellyouthetruth,Iamwornout.Tostartwith,onbehalfoftheschool,Igiveyouawarmwelcome.Tobehonest,Idislikedoingsoaswell.二、不定式复合短语2)作宾语,常用it作形式宾语：Weconsideritunfairforhimtoeattwopears.3)作表语：Mywishisforourpeopletoliveahappylife.1.for+宾语+不定式：1)作主语,常用it作形式主语：Forhertogoaloneatnightistoodangerous.=Itistoodangerousforhertogoaloneatnight.4)作定语：Thequestionforhertoanswerishard.5)作目的状语：Wehandedinourhomeworkintimefortheteachertocorrect.2.疑问词+不定式（if/why除外,不用被动语态)：1)作主语:Whentoleaveisnotclear.2)作宾语：Wedon’tknowwhethertogotomorrow.Iaminterestedinhowtodoit.3)作表语：Myquestioniswhotoanswerforit.3.of+宾语+不定式：表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征,可作逻辑主语和逻辑宾语,用it作形式主语或形式宾语。该短语用于下列形容词之后：kind,nice,right,good,silly,foolish,stupid,polite,cruel,rude,careless,wrong,wise等。Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.=Youareverykindtohelpme.Itisstupidofyoutodoso.=Youarestupidtodoso.Wefeelitimpoliteofhimtosmokeinpublic.三、except/but(除……之外)若其前有行为动词do,后跟动词原形,否则跟带to的不定式：Thereisnothinglefttodobut/exceptwaitforhertocome.Shedidnothingexcept/butcry.Wehavenochoiceexcept/buttostayhere.四、下列句型后跟动词原形：1)hadbetter+动词原形Youhadbetter(not)giveintoher.2)wouldrather+动词原形Iwouldrather(not)stayhere.3)Why+动词原形Why(not)giveupthejob?4)can’thelpbut/cannotbut/cannotchoosebut+动词原形(不得不……)Ican’thelpbutleaveschool.5)may/mightaswell+动词原形(不妨……)Youmayaswelltrythismethod.五、不定式的主动表被动：1.在therebe结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用主动也可以用被动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如：Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome/tobeovercome).There’snothingtodo/tobedone.2.在too...to...和enoughto…结构中,可用不定式的主动表被动。但用主动形式更常见。如：Theboxistooheavytomove.Thisbookischeapenoughtobuy.3.在“形容词+不定式”句型中。最常用的形容词有:hard,good,amusing,interesting,cheap,difficult,easy,nice,dangerous,good,pleasant,comfortable,heavy,light,important等。Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.Thepictureisnicetolookat.Ifindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theythinkthegameinterestingtoplay.4.不定式作后置定语时,如果其逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用不定式的主动语态。如：Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday.Hegavemesomebookstoread.Pleasegetmesomethingtoeat.但如果句子主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，则需要用不定式的被动形式。如：I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents?(you不是totake的逻辑主语。totake的逻辑主语没有出现在句中，所以用被动式。)5.在“形容词+名词+不定式”句型中,不定式用主动表被动。如：This/That/Itisaneasyquestiontoanswer.Theyaregooddoctorstorelyon.Heisadifficultmantodealwith.Ifindhimanhardbosstogetalongwith.IthinktheGreatWallagoodplacetovisit.六、动词+theretobe:常见动词有:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,hate,understand,wouldlike等。Wedidn’texpecttheretobeasnakethere.我们没料到那里会有蛇。Iwouldliketheretobeapictureonthewall.我想在墙上挂一张画。Idon’twanttheretobeanykidsleftbehind.我不想有任何孩子掉队。七、for+theretobe:Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanychance.不可能有机会了。Itwastoolatefortheretobeanybuses.时间太晚了,不会有汽车了。Wewaitedfortheretobeanotherchance.我们期待着还有下一次机会。Practice1.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.A.beB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe2.Hesaiditwaspossiblefor______afilmtonight.A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therewasD.therewouldbe3.Annneverdreamsof_____achanceforhertogoabroad.A.beingB.theretobeC.therebeingD.therebe____________4.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,butmothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating____________7.