名词性从句

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解法指导:熟悉基本语法内容,理解句意并学会分析从句成分。1名词性从句一、定义:名词性从句是指在句子中功能相当于名词的从句。通常由that,if/whether,how,what和其它疑问词等充当连接词所引导的从句,其功能同名词一样。二、类型:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句三、引导词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分,只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分,起连接作用what,which什么,哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁,谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候,什么地方怎么样,为什么作状语、表语howmany/much多少作定语howsoon/often/long/much多久,多久一次,多长,作状语......词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anythingthat无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyonewhose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anythingthat无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyonewho无论谁作主语whomever=anyonewhom无论谁作宾语四、考点1.连接词根据成份和句意确定;2.语序陈述句的语序;3.时态主句为一般现在时从句为任何所需的时态,主句为一般过去时从句为过去时的一种,表真理性的句子除外(一直用一般现在时)。五、用法1、主语从句:在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether(不可用if);代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(=Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.It作形式主语)B.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(=ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)★注意点▲通常用it作形式主语的结构A:Itis+名词+从句Itisafact/anhonor/commonknowledge/asurprise/apityB:Itis+形容词+从句Itisnatural/strange/important/necessary/that...(should+do)Itispossible/likely/clear/that...C:It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appears/happens/turnsout/occurstosb./counts(matters)/that...D:It+过去分词+从句Itisreported/said/believed/considered/thought/known/announced▲it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that,被强调部分指人时也可用解法指导:熟悉基本语法内容,理解句意并学会分析从句成分。2who/whom,去掉itis…that可以恢复原句。辨析:______________________________Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.______________________________ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.______________________________It’smethatheblamed.______________________________2.宾语从句:在复合句中做主句的宾语,通常放在主句谓语动词,介词或形容词之后。引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。★注意点▲动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。如:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.▲hate,like,dislike,love,appreciate等表示“喜欢;痛恨”的动词后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如:Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.I’llappreciateitifyoucancome.▲宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:Idon’tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon’tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。3、表语从句:在复合句中做主句的表语,常放在be,look,seem等系动词之后。引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等,此外because,asif等也可引导表语从句。如:★注意点▲如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。如:A.Myadviceisthatwe(should)carryouttheplanassoonaspossible.B.Hisorderisthatallthesoldiers(should)gotobedbeforetheo’clock.▲注意辨析句式:Thereasonisthat.../Thereasonforsth.isthat…/Thereasonwhy+从句isthat…/Itisbecause…如:A.Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn’tbeeninformed.=B.Thereasonwhy______________________isthathehasn’tbeeninformed.C.Hisabsenceis____________hehasn’tbeeninformed.▲注意AistoBwhatCistoD句式。如:A.Airistouswhatwateristofish.B.Exerciseistobodywhatknowledgeistomind.4、同位语从句:在句中起同位语的作用,一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,advice,evidence,word,truth,possibility,message等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that(that不可以省略);少数情况下也可用连接副词等。★注意点▲如果名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略。▲注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别:相同点:从句前都有一个名词不同点:定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰,同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。辨析:1)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.()解法指导:熟悉基本语法内容,理解句意并学会分析从句成分。32)Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.()3)Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.()4)Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.5)Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.()6)Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.()六、名词性从句的注意点1.注意that的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分,也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:②宾语从句中的连接词that只有做动词宾语从句连接词时可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入that不可省略;当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉;当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;e.g.Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid.e.g.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.e.g.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.2.whether和if的用法①whether和if在动词宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。③主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中只能用whether。如:④whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。:Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。If表示“如果”时,不能用whether。如:Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball.3.疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别:①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的部分,还可引导让步状语从句。如:Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,②nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.4.名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序①宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.②主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.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