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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——时间状语从句与原因状语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句①Whenhewasorbitinginthecapsule,hetookphotographsoftheplanetEarth.②WhenYanglanded,PremierWenJiabaotelephonedtheControlCentretoofferhiscongratulations.③WhenYangtookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChinaat9amyesterday,Chinabecamethethirdnationtosendamanintospace.④Whilehewastravellinginspace,YangspoketotwoastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation,whichisorbitingtheearth,AmericanastronautEdwardLuandRussiancosmonautYuriMalenchenko.⑤“Asyouhaveaskedmesonicely，”saidSharon,“I'dbedelightedtosignyourarm.”⑥Sincenooneelsesawthealiens,notmanypeoplebelieveMrBates.⑦NowthatIhavemadethisfirstvisit,IhopeIcancomemanymoretimes.后自主感悟1.例①②③④⑤中的连词引导时间状语从句；例⑥⑦中的连词引导原因状语从句。2.when引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词和主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如例①；也可以在主句谓语动词之前发生，如例②。3.while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生，如例④。4.since,nowthat引导原因状语从句时常置于主句之前，如例⑥⑦。一、时间状语从句除了之前学习的由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句外，常见的引导时间状-2-语从句的连词还有以下几种情况：1．before引导时间状语从句时，有“在……之前；……才……；……就……；还没来得及……就……”等多种意义。常用句式：Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；Itwon'tbe/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。HehadleftbeforeIcouldsaysomething.我还没来得及说点什么，他就离开了。Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.过不了多久我们就会再见面的。2．since引导时间状语从句时，表示“自从……以来多久了”，从句中的谓语动词多用一般过去时，而主句中谓语动词多用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句式：Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)Wehavenevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollege.自从我们大学毕业后就再也没有见过面。Asisreported，itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报道，自清华大学建校以来已有一百多年了。3．till/until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，表示“直到……为止”；not...until/till...引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示“直到……才……”。Hewaiteduntil/tillhismothercameback.他一直等到他妈妈回来。Ididn'tgotobeduntil/tillIfinishedmyhomework.直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。[名师点津](1)在not...until/till...结构中，当notuntil...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Notuntilhereturnedhomedidwefeelrelaxed.直到他回到家我们才感到如释重负。(2)当not...until...结构用于强调句型时，句子结构为：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttobed.直到他回来我才去睡觉。4．assoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately，directly等引导时间状语从-3-句时，表示“一……就……”。Themoment/Immediately/AssoonasIheardthevoice,Iknewmyfatherwascoming.一听到声音，我就知道父亲回来了。[名师点津]nosooner...than...，hardly...when...表示“一……就……”时注意以下两点：(1)当hardly,nosooner置于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装；(2)hardly和nosooner后的句子常用过去完成时，when和than后的句子常用一般过去时。Ihadhardlyclosedthedoorwhensomebodyknocked.我刚把门关上就有人敲门。Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.＝Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.我们一到火车站，火车就开走了。5．短语everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等也可以引导时间状语从句。Everytimehearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.每次在一天结束时他回到家，我们都在门口迎接他。Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来，请关门。[即时演练1]用适当的连词填空①—Haveyouknowneachotherforlong?—Notvery，sincewestartedtoworkintheABCMotorCompany.②BeforeIknewwhathappened,thecardrovestraighttome.③Shehadhardlyleftthebuildingwhentheaccidenthappened.二、原因状语从句1．because引导原因状语从句because意为“因为，由于”。在引导原因状语从句的连词中，because语气最强，表示主句的直接原因，从句可放在主句之前或之后。当回答疑问副词why开头的问句时一般用because引导的原因状语从句。-4-Hecan'tdeliverhislecturestodaybecausehehasgotabadcold.他今天不能去讲课了，因为他患了重感冒。2．as引导原因状语从句as表示十分明显的原因或已知的事实，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“由于”。as引导的从句常放在句首。Asitisknowntoeverybody,Iwon'tspendtoomuchtimeonthismatter.由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事上多花时间了。3．since/nowthat引导原因状语从句since引导的从句通常放在句首，常表示已为人知的原因或理由，语气较弱，常译为“既然”。nowthat和since意思接近，常互换，其引导的从句通常放在句首。Nowthat/Sinceyouarebusyenoughwewon'ttroubleyouanymore.既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。Sincenoonehasreadthebook,wecan'tdiscussit.既然没人读过这本书，我们就不能对它进行讨论。[名师点津]for意思是“因为”，是并列连词，用来说明、补充解释或表示一种推理，所以for引导的句子一般不放在句首。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.昨天晚上肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。[即时演练2]用适当的连词填空①Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusicbecauseithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.②MarkneedstolearnChinesebecause/sincehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.③Nowthathe'sbeenoffsickallweek,he'sunlikelytocome.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Immediately(immediate)youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwill-5-becomemucheasier.2．Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.3．Sinceyoulikethecarsomuch,whynotdriveitback?4．Ihadhardlycomehomewhenitbegantorain.5．Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthebusleft.6．IhaveheardalotofgoodthingsaboutyousinceIcamebackfromabroad.7．Hedidn'theartheknockatthedoorbecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.8．Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotshownupatbreakfast.9．BeforeIcouldsayhello,theforeignguestturnedaroundandwentaway.10．IwentonwithmyworkuntilIfinishedwashingalltheclothes.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftafterIcouldaskfortheirnames.after→before2．Itwillnotbelongsinceyoubecomeanexcellentreporter.since→before3．Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechwhenthestudentsstartedcheering.when→than4．Itwasforshecaughtabadcoldthatshedidn'tgotoschool.for→because5．Ihadhardlygottotheofficeaftermywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.after→when6．EverytimewhenIwasintrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.去掉when7．Howtimeflies!Ithasbeentwoweeksafterourwintervacationbegan.after→since8．BecausemyspokenEnglishisfluent,soIthinkIamverysuitableforthisjob.去掉so9．MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomenoddlesonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.after→when/while10．Gooutdoorstodosportswithyourfriends,althoughphysicalexerciseisaneffectivewaytogetridofanger.although→because-