初升高衔接---动词时态

1初升高衔接动词时态1.动词的时态其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.（2）一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用usedto或would加动词原形来表达，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.2)“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺，命令等常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?4）be+going+不定式。表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.5）be+动词不定式。表示职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.6）beabout+动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.（4）现在进行时的用法1）表示正在发生或者进行的动作，它注重正在进行，而不管什么时间开始，什么时间结束。Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.2）表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3）某些动词的现在进行时可表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive,come,leave,start等。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.（5）现在完成时的用法1)过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,ever,never,just,yet等副词连用。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。HehasbeentoGermany.他去过德国。2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我认识他三年了。Hehaslivedheresince1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。3，非延续性动词arrive,come,go,join,leave,buy,begin,get,start,become,borrow等，在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Hehasjoinedthearmy.他参军了。Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)Hejoinedthearmyayearago.(用过去时)【注意】Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（6）过去进行时的用法表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）（7）过去完成时的用法表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和by,before等词组成的短语和从句连用。2Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandwordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.（8）过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.一．单选1.—Itookaphotoofyoujustnow.—Really?Iwithattention.A.didn’tlookB.wasn’tlookingC.amnotlookingD.have’tlooked2.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewhair-style.Whatdoyouthinkofit?—I’msorryIanythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’spretty.A.don'tsayB.wasn’tsayingC.didn’tsayD.haven’tsaid3.—CanIhelpyou,Madam.—No,thanks,I.A.havejustlookedaroundB.justlookaroundC.amjustlookingaroundD.justlookedaround4.—Thatfamouscherrytreebecauseofpollution.—Yes,wehavetodosomethingtosaveit.A.hasdiedB.haddiedC.isdiedD.isdying5.Sheoughttostopreading;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong.A.hadreadB.readC.isreadingD.hasbeenreading6.—You’retalkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noonemebutyou.A.ishearingB.hadheardC.hearsD.heard7.—Whathaveyoubeendoing?Iaskedyouaquestion.Whydidn’tyouanswer?—Sorry,Itothenewsontheradio.A.listenedB.havelistenedC.waslisteningD.hadlistened8.—Youshouldhavetoldhimthedateearlier.—I,butheforgotaboutit.A.didB.haveC.hadD.shouldhave9..Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwhohimbutfailed.A.heldB.hadheldC.wouldholdD.washolding10.Ifit____finetomorrow,wewillgooutforapicnic.A.willbeB.doesbeC.isD.was11.TheBlacks______theirfamilymeetingfrom7:30to9:00yesterdayevening.A.arehavingB.werehavingC.washavingD.had12.Wewillstartassoonasourteamleader______.A.comesB.willC.comeD.came13.Hetoldusthathe______Englishinthisschoolsince1992.A.havetaughtB.taughtC.hadtaughtD.hastaught14.They______eachotherandbeeninlovesincetheywerelittle.A.hadknownB.knewC.knowD.haveknown.15.Bytheendoflastmonth,he_____halfofthiswork.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.finishes.16.Look!Myfriends______someforeignersaroundtheancientchurchnow.A.showedB.hadshowedC.areshowingD.wereshowing.17.Unlessitrains,we______apicnic.A.arehavingB.wouldhaveC.willhaveD.werehaving.18.I______youassoonasIgettoLondon.A.calledB.willcallC.wouldcallD.calls19.BobandJack______alectureonceamonth.A.attendsB.attendedC.attendD.haveattended.320.Ifyouareill,you______themeeting.A.won'thaveB.wouldn'thaveC.don'thaveD.haven'thad.二．用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.ItisthefourthtimethatMike(travel)toChina.2.He(notfinish)theworkbytheendoflastmonth.3.LiMing(know)himsincethen.4.I(receive)aletterfrommybrotherlastnight.5.We(be)toLondonmanytimesbeforeweleftEngland.6.Howlongyou(learn)Englishbytheendofthisterm?7.—He(live)inthiscitysincehe(leave)hishometown..—Whendidhe(leave)there?—Hetherethreeyearsago.8.—Hisfather(be)inthePartyforyears.—Whenhe(join)theParty?—He(join)thePartyin1996.9.—It(rain)forsuchalongtime!—Whenit(rain)?—It(rain)3hoursago.10.I(hope)tobebacklastnight,butI(notcatch)thetrain.11.—Hello,mayIspeaktoJohn?—(speak)12.Look,who________(sing)apopsongintheroom.13.Theteachersaidtheearth_____(go)aroundthesun.14.Ihopethatyou____(come)toShanghainextspring.15.LastnightwhileI________(do)mymathsexercises,myparents________(watch)TV.16.Bytheendoflastterm,