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Lesson1III.Paraphrase1.Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.2.Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.Inaconversationweshouldnottrytoestablishtheforceofanideaorargument.3.Infact,apersonwhoreallyenjoysandisskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview.4.Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotintimatefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedorengrossedineachother’slives.5.Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.6.Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinginthefields;butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeatbeef.7.ThenewrulingclassmadeitdifficultfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.8.TheEnglishlanguagereceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbythekingoncemore.9.Thephrase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisparaginglyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.Theworkingpeopleveryoftenmakefunoftheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.10.Therestillexistsintheworkingpeople,asintheearlySaxonpeasants,aspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.IV.PracticewithWordsandExpressionsC.(注意：用简单、非比喻性的语言代替比喻部分)1.Nooneknowshowtheconversationwillgoasitmovesaimlesslyanddesultorilyorasitbecomesspiritedandexciting.2.Itisnotamatterofinterestiftheyarecrossorinabadtemper.3.Barfriends,althoughtheymeteachotherfrequently,didnotdelveintoeachother’slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.4.Suddenlyamiraculouschangeintheconversationtookplace.5.Theconversationsuddenlybecamespiritedandexciting.6.TheElizabethanwritersspreadtheEnglishlanguagefarandwide.7.Ihavealwayshadaneagerinterestindictionaries.8.Eventhemosteducatedandliteratepeopleusenon-standard,informal,colloquialEnglishintheirconversation.9.Otherwiseonewilltieuptheconversationandwillnotletitgoonfreely.10.WewouldneverhavetalkedaboutAustralia,orthelanguagebarrierinthetimeoftheNormanConquest.Lesson2Paraphrase1.Theburying-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.2.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).3.Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname,andnobodynoticesthattheydead.4.Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.5.Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhere,agreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited,…(allloudlydemandingacigarette)6.EveryoneofthesepoorJewslooksonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.7.However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.8.Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.9.Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting).10.Lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople.Theycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoilonlywithhardbackbreakingtoil.11.Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity,thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal.12.Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible.13.TheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingsecond-handready-madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautiful,well-builtbodies.14.Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackthecolonialistrulers?15.Everywhitemanhadthisthoughthiddensomewhereinhismind.