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现在完成时讲解及训练一．现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作+现在的结果”，强调结果。如：Ihaveboughtanewbike.(=Iboughtanewbike,andIhaveanewbikenow.)我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。）构成形式：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词1．肯定句：Ihaveseenthefilm.我已经看过这部电影。否定句：Ihaven’tseenthefilm.我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句：Haveyouseenthefilm?你看过这部电影了吗？回答：Yes,Ihave.是的，我看过了。No,Ihaven’t.不，我没看过。特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?你已经做了什么？2．肯定句：Hehasfinishedthetask.他已经完成了任务。否定句：Hefinishedthetask.他还没有完成任务。一般疑问句：thetask?他已经完成任务了吗？回答：是的，他完成了。不，他没有完成。特殊疑问句：Whathashefinished?他完成了什么？[Exercises1]选择填空()1.IEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.(A)taught(B)havetaught(C)teach(D)wouldteach()2.Lileithepenforfiveyears(A)hashad(B)bought(C)havehad(D)havebought()3.Katehergrandmother'sphotobefore(A)haven'tseen(B)haveseen(C)see(D)hasn'tseen()4.Maryyouthesedays?(A)Has,seen(B)Do,see(C)Did,see(D)Is,seeing()5.sofar,wethousandsofBuildinginQuanzhou.(A)build(B)havebuild(C)build(D)willbuild[Exercises2]选择填空()6.——Haveyoufinishedyourwork?——.(A)Yes,Ihave.(B)Yes,Ido.(C)Yes,Iam.(D)Yes,Idid.()7.——HassheeverlearnedEnglish?——.(A)Yes,shehas.(B)Yes,shedoes.(C)No,shedoesn’t(D)No,shehas()8.Hefinishedhishomeworkyet.(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave二．have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto和have/hasbeenin①have/hasbeento+某地，到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。②have/hasgoneto+某地，说明去了某地，说话时人还没回来。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他去过北京两次。----WhereisJim?吉姆在哪儿？----Hehasgonetothelibrary?他去图书馆了。③have/hasbeenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.[Exercises7]A）用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.B）用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.C）选择填空()1.Mrswhitesisn'there,sheLondon,shetheremanytimes.(A)hasbeento,went(B)hasgoneto,hasbeen(C)wentto,hasgone(D)hasbeento,hasgone()2.Shehas__________toBeijingtwice.(A)gone(B)got(C)been(D)come()3.——whereyourfather,LiLei?——ToBeijing(A)have,been(B)has,been(C)have,gone(D)has,gone()4.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,Hetothelibrary(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo()5.MrsmithtoTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek.(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone()6.They_Chinafortwoyears(A)havebeento(B)havebeenin(C)havegoneto(D)havecometo三．常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already,just,yet,ever,never,recently.1．already和yetalready“已经”（多用于肯定陈述句）yet“已经;还”（用于否定句或疑问句）2．ever和neverever“曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。3．justjust“刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前）4．beforebefore“之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：Hesayshehasneverseensuchbeautifulscenerybefore.他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。e.g.1.Ihavejustcalledyou.2.——HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?——No,I’veneverbeentoanyEuropeancountries.3.——Haveyouseenhimyet?——Yes,Ihaveseenhimalready.[Exercises3]选择填空()1.——Haveyoutravelledonthetrain?——Yes,Ihave.(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet()2.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?——Not.(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just()3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never()4.——HaveyoulearnedEnglish?——Yes,I'velearnedalot.(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever()5.——Haveyoufinihedyourhomework?——Yes,I'vedonethat(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just()6.John'sfatherborrowedsomepictures.(A)have,already(B)has,just(C)have,ever(D)has,yet四．现在完成时:常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词一段时间的表达方法有两种:a)“for+时间段”与“since+时间点”都表“一段时间”，常用Howlong提问。for:＋一段时间forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyearsSince＋①过去的某一时刻,sinceninesincelastweek②一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucamesinceyougothome.③since+一段时间+ago如:----Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?----Ihavebeenlikethissincelastmonth./foramonth.----HowlonghaveyoulivedinChangle?----IhavelivedinChanglefortenyears/sincetenyearsago.b)如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。如：IboughtthisTVthreedaysago.=IhavehadthisTVforthreedays.Hiscatdiedyesterday.=Hiscathasbeendeadsinceyesterday.※常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：come—behere;go—bethere;close—beclosed;open—beopen;buy—have;borrow—keep;leave—beaway;begin—beon;finish—beover;die—bedeadetc.[Exercises4]A）用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthereB）用since和for填空1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.C）选择填空()1.I'vebeenlikethiseversince(A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek()2.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory2years.(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)since()3.Ihaven'the