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•Teachingaim:1.Helpstudentslearnthedefinitionandfunctionofdirectspeechandreportedspeech,2.Helpstudentslearnhowtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeechindifferenttensesandsentencestructure.Module4Unit1ADVERTISEMENTGrammarandusagedirectspeechandreportedspeech直接引语和间接引语DirectandReported(Indirect)speechLeadin:T:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:‘Iate….’T：WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeaten….directspeechreportedspeechWeusedirectspeechtoreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid.Ifwewritethespeechdown,thewordswillusuallyappearinquotationmarks.Changethefollowingsentenceintoreportedspeech.Paulsaid,“IvisitedChinalastyear.”PaulsaidhehadvisitedChinatheyearbefore.时态，人称，时间副词一.时态问题一、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。例如：直接引语间接引语1）Hesays,“Iamverybusytoday.”1）Hesaysthatheisverybusytoday.2）Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”2）Hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers.Examples:直接引语间接引语1)Shesaid,“ChinahasbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.”1)ShesaidthatChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.2)Hesaid,“Iamdoingmyhomeworkat9o’clockyesterday.2)Hesaidthathewasdoinghomeworkat9o’clockthedaybefore.4)“Ihavereceivedtheletter,”Tomsaidtome.4)Tomsaidtomethathehadreceivedtheletter.3)Hesaid,”I’mleavingforBeijingthisafternoon.”3)HesaidthathewasleavingforBeijingthatafternoon.Examples:直接引语间接引语Examples:直接引语间接引语5)Shesaid,“IwenttoParislastyear.”5)ShesaidthatshehadgonetoParistheyearbefore.6)Shesaid,“Ihadalreadyfinishedtheproject.”6)Shesaidthatshehadalreadyfinishedtheproject.二、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。规则如下(时态呼应)直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Eg:1)Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Hesaidthatmagnetattractsiron.2)Hesaid,“Magnet(磁铁)attractsiron.”2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变Eg:1)Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.2)Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1990.”Hesaidthathewasbornin1990.二.代词等的变化1)Hesaid“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.2)Myfatherremindedme,“Itistwelveo’clocknow.Myfatherremindedmethatitwastwelveo’clockthen.3)Marysaid,“Ifinishedthebooklastyear/yesterday/threedaysago.”Marysaidthatshehadfinishedthebooktheyearbefore/thedaybefore/threedaysbefore.4)Hesaid,“Iputthebookhere.”Hesaidthathehadputthebookthere.”5)Theteachersaid,“Iwillcomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaidthathewouldgotherethenextday.”代词等一般也应作相应的变化,变化方法如下表：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词表示时间的词表地点的词动词this/thesethat/thosenow/todaythen/thatdaythisweek(month)thatweek(month)yesterdaythedaybeforelastyeartheyearbeforethepreviousyearetcthreedaysagothreedaysbeforenextweek(month)thenextdaythenextweek(month)tomorrowheretherecomegoLectureⅡChangedirectspeechintoindirectspeechP10/Howtoreportstatements,questionsandimperative?陈述句(statements)变为以that引导的宾语从句(陈述句序),例如：直接引语间接引语1.Shesaid,“Ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaid(that)theirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes.一）Toreportstatements,Weuseobjectclausesintroducedby“that”2.“PSAsareoftenplacedforfree,”thewritersaid.ThewriterexplainedthatPSAsareoftenplacedforfree.Besides“tell,say”,thefollowingwordsarealsousedtoreportstatements:adviseagreeexplaininsistpromisewarnremindsuggest一般疑问句变成if(whether是否)引导的宾语从句。Eg:直接引语间接引语1）Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”1）HeaskedJohnif/whetherhecouldswim.2）Theteacheraskedtheclass“Haveyouallunderstoodme?”2）Theteacheraskedtheclassif/whethertheyhadallunderstoodher.二)Toreportyes/no-questions,Weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywhether/if特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when,why,who,how等疑问词引导的宾语从句。Eg:直接引语间接引语1）Georgesaid,“WhenwillyougetbackfromLondon,John?”1）GeorgeaskedJohnwhenhewouldgetbackfromLondon.Howtochangethisdirectspeechintoindirectspeech?Iaskedher,“Howcanthatbetrue?”→Iaskedherhowthatcanbetrue.三）Toreportwh-questions,weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywh-words.2)“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→BillaskedwhereIhadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad.直接引语是祈使句,则间接引语变为动词不定式.即:ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.eg:1）Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.四）Toreportimperativesentences(祈使句),weusethestructure:reportingverb+obj.+(not)to-infinitive“Don’tworry,Mike,”Jensaid.→JenaskedMikenottoworry.2)Thesalesmansaidtome,“Readwhatsomeofoursatisfiedcustomerssay.”→Thesalesmanaskedmetoreadwhatsomeoftheirsatisfiedcustomerssaid.☆Thereareotherverbsthatcanbeusedinthisstructuretoreportimperativesentencesadviseencourageinviteremindwarn1.“Don’tbelieveeveryadvertisementyouread,”Michellesaidtome.→MichelleadvisedmenottobelieveeveryadvertisementIread.2.“Don’tforgettotakeyourmedicine,Dad,”mydaughtersaid.→Mydaughterremindednottoforgettotakemymedicine.•直接引语变间接引语练习题1.Heasked,“howmuchdoyoupayforthecomputer？”Heasked______________forthecomputer.A.didyoupayhowmuchB.youpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.•→Heaskedme____________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm•3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He______me_____thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句Tips:直