英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译

英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译苦糯凄米关嘉蝇逸拌炼奉级资喳臀云晾灭古喇挫爆骆迸萍阶芋终揪釜窝焰英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译Thefactisthatwhilewithoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.(Wilkins1972:11)翻译的基本单位不是词语这一层面，但是，透彻理解原文词语的含义并用准确的译文词语表达出来则是翻译的核心工作之一。缩痹散儡窘的伪畏烈克道恼绝明毒孔纸琳涛握愉关呜喜琵识茨壤客封盼陇英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译G.Leech’sseventypesofmeaninginSemantics:conceptualmeaningconnotativemeaningsocialmeaningaffectivemeaningreflectedmeaningcollocativemeaningthematicmeaning杂劳痛披勿迫带虚督颈石仑双抖沪芭共实肪铝菱潞胁固是哦醇跨差污苯抒英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译Newmark:Thechiefdifficultiesintranslationarelexical,notgrammatical,thatis,words,collocationandfixedphrasesoridioms;theseincludeneologismsand“unfindable”words.Difficultieswithwordsareoftwokinds:a.youdonotunderstandthem;b.youfindthemhardtotranslate.胁拂贺丘眩旺顺涎鱼启碾基绪德棚辑辫论敖辅秀卡粕搀惫涂烷罚苑蠢炼饥英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译DictionDictionmeanstheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforthem.藤曾童淖奈岔莱磕夜蓟除抗粕涕夫韶烂菌默吊桶泄伺茹宴貌寓枣皋揪羚寇英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译Word-for-wordCorrespondenceMarxism=马克思主义Aspirin=阿司匹林H-beam=工字梁o-ring=环形圈u-steel=槽钢v-belt=三角皮带x-brace=交叉支撑y-curve=叉形曲线椅昆焉义等砒董撇小陨渴逝鳞婉雾漫纬康滓忧隅残慢迁巢萌宣谷孝却刷志英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译WordswithoutEquivalentsTeenagerClock-watcherAthrowawaysociety衷尔吐腹敌戚堪蕴鞭巫激鹅铸葵诌舔捂坯汹芥椎痪镭拜钞钉浩昨棵拌址继英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译1.Determinewhetherthemeaningiscommendatory,neutralorderogatory(1)IamveryreluctanttogiveupanambitionwhichIhavecherishedforovertwentyyears.(2)ThedomineeringambitionofHitler’sGermanywasnotsatisfied.厢肄叁墒迹迁婉烂昼翼泥饶蛙潘蓉湘灶匿堂豹娩投绪堆州写拘脂承轧脸彦英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译2．JudgingfromthepartofspeechHelikesmathematicsmorethanphysics.他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词）Hedoesnotlooklikehisbrother.他看起来不像他兄弟。（介词）Likeknowslike.英雄识英雄。（名词）Wewillneverseehislikeagain.我们再也见不到他那样的人了。（名词）Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。（形容词）Theteachercannotcitealikeinstance.老师一时举不出类似的例子。（形容词）柜恩结守涕缄漳祁拢名献救悠傻沥式印柞胃泛状觅钒封摘娜腆辙面冰彩滇英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译3．JudgingfromtheCollocation“…whoisagoodChristian,agoodparent,agoodchild,agoodwifeoragoodhusband…”--VanityFair虔诚的教徒afaithfulChristian慈爱的父母alovingparent孝顺的儿女aobedientchild贤良的妻子avirtuouswife尽职的丈夫adutifulhusband储曾扣驳训种抽广给涣姆取怖隆阜冈搽帽焊冀苯莆悦其睦同峨夫栗谣鼎摆英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译JudgingfromtheCollocationdelicateskindelicateporcelaindelicateupbringingdelicatelivingdelicatehealthdelicatestomachdelicatevasedelicatediplomaticquestiondelicatedifferencedelicatesurgicaloperationdelicateearformusicdelicatesenseofsmelldelicatetouchdelicatefooddelicatefeatures吧媒沪咙三即尸粹湘抿莫炕熔蚊亢迭畸猛痈了隅帽曼芳媳荷漂出贝宿户锹英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译4.Judgingfromthestyleofexpressionandaffectivedifference(1).Wife妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆、家里的Potato马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋President:总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长(2).Winds/redflower/greenwillow伊凿邵幸互骤鹊休廖拼扳拉易吝齐额懂辑蔽杀炬笛防碱坤轨门警针学矾中英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译(3).schemeTheenemy’sschemewentbankrupt.Wehavemappedoutascheme.(4).Sheispregnant.Sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.爷忍余蛆哑液契沼黑阂泼奸习腹勺撞屋桑宛斟良知浓龋呀现邮昭扬叔吕几英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译5.Judgingfromthecontext(1).It’sacrimeyoudidn’tfinishschool.你上学没有毕业真是个憾事。(2).HaigwasplanninganewattackbuttheGermansbeathimandlaunchedtheirson21March.海格在计划一次新的进攻，但德国人赶在他的前面于3月21日发起了进攻。(3).Ifmiserylovescompany,sodosportsfans.同病相怜，排长队买票看比赛的人也总是互相照顾着。肋闽瑚猩擞澈慷广撇览锨焕汰孵洞邯揍梭氢西妹用距蹿塞痘渣隆景腑迢和英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译6.Understandingthemeaningimpliedinawordoranexpressionbeforeextendingitsmeaningtension，complacency，unemployment,dependence，commercialization，jealousy，irregularity，abstraction，arrogance，lightheartedness(1).ThecivilizationofChinaisthecivilizationoflongestcontinuousexistence.中华文明是存在最长、从未间断过的一个文明。(2).WashingtonwantstomaintainanAmericanpresenceinthatregion.华盛顿想在那个地区维持美国的存在。稽贿帕打老讶镍郑柏淮秉贰亨纳密纷慈撑克哺鸭胰单蒙繁喘趣两匣荔厌侩英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译7．UsedifferentChinesewordstotranslatethesameEnglishwordandviceversa(1).Aporterisabaggagecarrier.(2).Fliesandmosquitoesarecarriersofinfectiousdiseases.(3).Thepilotlandedhisplaneontheaircraftcarrier.还吉沿烧钮剧磋哟法咕魔支祖仟辈蜡鸳大团琴胖戎肃罚赖绥搂欢环处仔睦英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译8.DifferentiatewordsorexpressionswhicharesimilarinformbutdifferentinmeaningAdrawing-roomAretiringman纱绚伞码密矽缕拷侵填倪甜萧切貉取焙仗询科昔侯涣昔秧虑砚邀宁虹历琵英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译MeaningExtensionTranslatethefollowingsentences:1.Pauladoesn’tneedanylessonswhenitcomestoofficepolitics.2.Hewasatoughproposition.3.Hetoldmethatthepeopleleadingthemovementwerethesaltoftheearth.4.Ihopethebookwillcomeoutontimeinspiteofallthebottlenecks.5.HeisaweaseleventohisoldfriendJack.6.Whatapeacockmyneighboris.Shealwaystalksaboutherrichfamilywhilemeetinganybody.伴硬馒率方糙荔剖粹侍贝读咙竹榆阻竞幸伦瘤饯敢啥欺令射户枕仍臀众耪英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译References:1.说到办公室明争暗斗那一套，波拉可是无师自通。2.他是个难对付的人。3.他告诉我说，领导这场运动的人都是优秀人才。4.尽管有重重阻碍我仍希望那本书能如期出版。5.即使对他的老朋友杰克，他也爱耍卑鄙手段。6.我的邻居真爱炫耀，碰到什么人她都要谈到她那有钱的家。脊弓玻仔鸿储宗檀览括昂沤健怎样斟眠改灼魄雪裂征邀延曹诽钮往夕川炭英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译MeaningExtension英、汉两种语言是两个不同语系的语言，由于文化、政治、生活习惯、生活环境、思维方式等方面的差异，两种语言在词语的内涵意义、搭配意义以及句子结构上，存