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Chapter7Language,CultureandSocietyThischapterfocusesonthediscussionontherelationshipbetweenLANGUAGE,CULTUREandSOCIETYinthefieldofSOCIALLINGUISTICS.7.1Languageandculture7.1.1HowdoeslanguagerelatetocultureAnthropologicalstudyoflinguistics(Malinowski)Contextofsituation(Firth,theLondonSchool)Linguisticdeterminism&LinguisticRelativity(Sapir-WhorfHypotheses)Fivetypesofculturalcommunication(EugeneNida)7.1.2MoreabouttheSapir-WhorfhypothesisStrongversion:Theoriginalhypothesisemphasizesthedecisiveroleoflanguageastheshaperofourthinkingpatterns.Weakversion:Themodifiedtheorysuggeststhatthereisacorrelationbetweenlanguage,culture,andthought,butthecross-culturaldifferencesthusproducedinourwaysofthinkingarerelative,ratherthancategorical.7.1.3Casestudies7.1.4Towhichextentdoweneedcultureinourlinguisticstudy?7.1.5Cultureinlanguageteachingclassroom7.2Languageandsociety7.2.1Howdoeslanguagerelatetosociety?MonisticviewDualisticview(1960s)7.2.2AsituationallyandsociallyvariationistperspectiveTherelationshipbetweenspeakers’socialstatusandtheirphonologicalvariations(WilliamLacov)Womenregister(RobinLakoff)Linguisticsexism7.2.3Whatshouldweknowmoreaboutsociolinguistics?-Sociolinguisticstudyofsociety-Sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage7.2.4Whatimplicationscanwegetfromsociolinguistics?7.3SummaryQuestionsandExercisesWhatwillyousaytoastatementlike“oneculture’smeatisanotherculture’spoison”?Whydoweneedtoteachcultureinourlanguageclassroom?Overthepasttwodecades,hundredsofnewwordshaverushedintothedailylifeofChinesepeople.Trytocollectabunchofthesewords,examinethecontextoftheirusage,andprovideafeasibleexplanationtotheirbooming.Ithasbeenwidelyrecognizedthattheso-called“magicwords”like“thankyou”and“please”aremorefrequentlyusedinanEnglishspeakingsocietythantheywillinaChinesespeakingsociety.Oneofexplanationsforthisphenomenonmaygolikethis:Look,theseforeignersarereallymorepolitethanourcountrymen.Trytouseyourknowledgeinsociolinguisticsandmakesomecommentsonthisunderstandingofculturaldifferences.