Dickens简介

CharlesDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯)(1812-1870)ThegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealismFamousnovelistCharlesDickensBornin1812atPortsmouthThehappiestboyhoodinChathamMovedtoLondonin1821TakentoprisonfordebtWorkatablackingfactoryat12alawyer’sclerkat15AParliamentaryreporterfornewspapers,thenbeganhiswritingcareerHisPickwickPapersmadehimbecomethemostpopularlivingnovelistIn1836,hisfirstbook,SketchesbyBoz,wasexposedtopublicsDickens’sNovelsFortheconvenienceofstudy,Dicken’sliterarycareermayberoughlydividedinto3periodsThefirstPeriod(1836--1841)AtthisstageDickensbelievedthatalltheevilsofthecapitalismworldwouldberemediedifonlymenbehavedtoeachotherwithkindliness,justice,andsympatheticunderstanding.(P281)Thisnativeoptimismischaracteristicofthepetty-bourgeoishumanitarians人道主义ofhistimeNovelsinthispriod:1836年（SketchesbyBoz）《博兹札记》1836年（ThePickwickPapers）《匹克威克外传》1837年-1839年（OliverTwist）《雾都孤儿》1838年-1839年（NicholasNickleby）《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》1840年-1841年（TheOldCuriocityShop）《老古玩店》1841年（BarnabyRudge）《巴纳比·拉奇》TheSecondPeriod(1842—1850)Dickens‘ssecondperiodbaganfrom1842,theyearafterhisvisittoAmerica.AtthisperiodDickens’snativeoptimismaboutcapitalistsocietywasprofoundlyshaken.Novelsinthisperiod:1842年（AmericanNotes）《美国纪行》1843年（AChristmasCarol）圣诞颂歌》1843年-1844年（MartinChuzzlewit）马丁·翟述伟1846年-1848年（DombeyandSon）《董贝父子》1849年-1850年（DavidCopperfield）大卫·科波菲尔TheThirdPeriod(1851—1870)P295Hisnovelsofthisperiodaremuchdarkerincontentthantheirpredecessors.Novels:1852年-1853年（BleakHouse）荒凉山庄1854年（HardTimes）《艰难时世》1855年-1857年（LittleDorrit）小杜丽1859年（ATaleofTwoCities）《双城记》1860年-1861年（GreatExpectations）远大前程1864年-1865年（OurMutualFriend）《我们共同的朋友》1870年（TheMysteryofEdwinDrood）《艾德温·德鲁德之谜》未完成OliverTwistisCharlesDickens’ssecondnovelandalsoisthefirstnovelintheEnglishlanguagetocentrethroughoutonachildprotagonistandisalsonotableforDickens'sunromanticportrayalofcriminalsandtheirsordidlives.《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其他小说，本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.MainCharactersOliverTwist奥利弗·特威斯特-Themaincharacterofthestory,Oliverisanaffection-starvedlittleboywhowillnotcommitcrimes.Hewasabusedasayoungchild,andonlywantstobeloved.Hisadventuresmakehimthebestoffriendsandtheworstofenemies.Fagin费根-Themainantagonistinthestory,“TheJew”takesOliverunderhiswingandtriestomakeapickpocketoutofhim.Heisapowerfulcrimeleaderwhohasanaffectionforonlymoneyandwillkillanyonewhostandsinhisway.Nancy南希-AwomanwhoworksforFaginandtriestohelpOliverwhicheventuallyleadstoherdeath.heispassionate,caring,andlovesSikes,whoeventuallykillsher.Mr.Brownlow布朗罗-AmanwhoOliver’sthieffriendsrobonthestreet.HetakesOliverin,anddiscovershistrueparentage.InOliverTwist,Oliver,aninnocentchild,istrappedinaworldwherehisonlyalternativesseemtobetheworkhouse,Fagin'sthieves,aprison,oranearlygrave.Oliverremainspure-hearted;hesteersawayfromevilwhenthosearoundhimgiveintoit;and,inproperfairy-talefashion,heeventuallyreceiveshisreward–leavingforapeacefullifeinthecountry,surroundedbykindfriends.Onthewaytothishappyending,Dickensexploresthekindoflifeanorphan.SignificanceofOliverTwist•Thenovelisapowerfulexposure(暴露)ofbourgeois(资产阶级)society.OliverTwistisoneofthebestworksofDickens.ItissaidthatthepublicationofOliverTwistbroughtaboutsomebetteringofconditionsintheEnglishworkhousesduringtheauthor'sday.Thestoryistoldinthefirstperson,throughthemouthofitshero,DavidCopperfield邱敏（何红红）Someonewhoiskindtootherswillbepaidwithkindnessandevilwillnot.TheexamplesofkindnessandgoodresultsFirstDavid----themainroleofthenovel.Hisfatherdiedbeforehecouldbegiveabirth.HismothermarriedMurdstoneandbecamehisstepfather.Thatisthestartofhishardlife.Howeverafterhisendeavor,hemarriedhisloverDora—abeautifulandinnocentgirl.Butnotlongaftertheirmarriage,Doradiedofdisease.Attheendofthenovel,helivedwithAgness.SecondBetseyTrotwood----David’saunt.SheisthekeypersonwhochangedDavid’slifealot.Sheisarich,alittlestrangebutalsoakindwoman.HerpovertywasonceconqueredbyUriah.Butjustasthesayinggoes‘Theevilwillnottriumphoverthevirtuous.’shefinallyrecapturehermoneybytheirefforts.ThirdPeggotty----David’sservant.SheisverykindtoDavidandhismother.Shemarriedahonestandalsokindman,Barkis.Andthentheyhadahappylife.Contentmakeshappiness!Theexamplesofevil’sbadresults•OneisSteerforth’s----Heishandsomeandbrilliant.ButhetookEmilyawayevenifshehadalreadyengagedwithHam.Hislifewasfinishedbysea.•AnotherisUriah----thebiggestevilinthestory.HeistheassistantofAgness’fatherinlower’soffice.HeconqueredtheofficeandrobbedBetseyTrotwood’spovertyinameanway.Thereisnodoubtthathegotabadresultforhisgreedy.Dickens:ManandWriter•DickensthemanisasinterestingasDickensthewriter.Heenjoyedlifeandwasamanofantionandbusinessintheworldaswellasastudentandwriterofbooks.•Hisinfluenceuponhisagewasextensive:•Intheearlyyearsofhiscareer,hewasthebestshorthandreporterontheLondonpressandthebestamateuractoranthestage•Aftergreatsuccessesasanovelist,hebacameoneofthemostsuccessfulperiodocaleditorsofhistime•Later,hisintimacytooktheformofgivi