高考英语时态123现在将来过去过去将来45l一般现在时l现在进行时l一般将来时l现在完成时l将来完成时l将来进行时l现在完成进行时l一般过去时l过去进行时l过去将来时l过去完成时l过去将来完成时6现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态Whattimeisitnow?Ilovenature.习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态Hegetsupverylateeveryday.Shedancesverywell.客观真理或事实Theearthmovesroundthesun.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Theplanetakesoffat11:00p.m.用在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来Iwillsleepuntilmywifecomesback.IfyouwanttostudyEnglishwell,Iwillhelpyou.7过去发生的动作或存在的状态Hisfatherfellillyesterday.Theygotmarriedlastweek.过去习惯性的动作Whenhewasathome,heoftenwatchedTV.用在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将来Assoonashegotoffthetrain,hewouldcallhisparents.Iftherewasnolight,wewouldlightacandle.8现在正在进行的动作Now,thegirliscrying.Whatareyoudoingnow?与频率副词always,forever,constantly连用,表示各种感情色彩Heisalwayshelpingothers.Themanisconstantlychanginghismind.与位移性动词go,come,leave,fly等连用,表示将来WeareleavingforShanghaitomorrow.Theyaregoingabroadnextmonth.be+形容词用于进行时态表示现在的状态Iambeingserious.Theboyisbeingnaughty.9过去正在进行的动作IwaswatchingTVateighto'clockyesterday.WhenIreturned,hewasplayingcomputergames.Whilesomestudentswerewastingtime,otherswerestudyinghard.与频率副词always,forever,constantly连用,表示各种感情色彩Hewasalwaysfindingfaultwithothers.Shewasconstantlygrumbling.与位移性动词go,come,leave,fly等连用,表示将来Hewasleavinghishometownamonthlater.Shewasarrivingtenminuteslater.10从现在看将要发生的动作或存在的状态Hewillreturnnextmonth.Ishallattendanexamintwodays.打算、计划要做某事或者客观迹象表明将要发生的动作Sheisgoingtogetmarried.Lookattheblackcloud,itisgoingtorain.11VSü表示说话人的愿望或想法ü表示必然性,注定要发生的事情ü没有经过事前考虑的意图ü表示打算、计划将要做的事情ü客观迹象表明将要发生的事情ü事前考虑过的意图IthinkChinawillbecomestrongerandstronger.Fishwilldieoutofwater.Ourschoolisgoingtoholdthesportsmeetingnextweek.Herfacebecomesred.Sheisgoingtogetbetter.—Whydoyouputoffallthepictures?—Iamgoingtorepaintthewall.—Theboxistooheavytocarry.—Oh,Iwillhelpyou.12一般将来时的特殊表达法位移性动词常用进行时态表示将来,如:go、come、arrive、leave、start、stay、die、return等。I'mleavingtomorrow.Theplaneistakingoffatsix.be+不定式,这种结构表示计划、安排或征求意见。Thestoreistobeclosedat10:00p.m.Areyoutogooutwithus?beabout+不定式,表示即将发生的动作。Thefilmisabouttobegin.Heisabouttoleavehomewhenthetelephonerings.onthepointof表示即将要发生的事情Heisonthepointofbecomingacollegestudent.13从过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态Iknewyouwouldsaythat.Ihopedthattheywouldmakeupsomeday.过去习惯性的动作HewouldtakeawalkintheparkeverySunday.14表示一个动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成了,并对现在造成了一定影响。过去现在---Wouldyoulikesomebread?---No,thanks.Ihavehadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响:不饿)表示一个动作从过去某个时间点开始,延续到现在,并可能继续延续下去(谓语动词要用延续性动词)。过去现在Shehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.15时间状语与副词already和yet连用。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.与ever“曾经”和never“从未”连用。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.16与表示到说话为止的过去时间状语连用,如just(刚才),before(之前),uptonow(到目前为止),sofar(到现在为止),untilnow(直到现在),inthepast/lastfewyears(在过去的几年里)等Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewdays.17与“for+一段时间”,“since+时间点连用。fortwodayssincetwodaysago“for+一段时间”和“since+时间点”后面必须接延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词arrive→bein/atbegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackleave→beawayopen→beopenclose→beclosedborrow→keepbuy→havefallill(asleep)→beill(asleep)join→bein或beamemberofcatchacold→haveacoldHehashadthecomputerforthreeyears.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.18since与现在完成时连用的常用结构现在完成时+since+时间点现在完成时+since+一般过去时Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+一般过去时“自从……已经多长时间了”Theboyhassleptsince8o'clock.HehasworkedinthiscompanysincehecametoBeijing.Itis/hasbeentenyearssincetheygotmarried.19“It(this,that)is(willbe)thefirst(second,third,last)timethat+从句”结构中的从句要用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavesungonthestage.Thiswillbethesecondtimethathehaswonthefirstprize.It(this)is+the+形容词最高级+名词+that…”结构中的从句要用现在完成时。ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.Thisisthemostfamousbookthathehaswritten.20havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。havegone(to)表示“ 到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中,说话时该人不在现场。havebeenin表示“在某地已经多长时间了。21过去现在现在完成时过去完成时现在过去过去的过去过去完成时表示在过去之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。22过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一动作之前已经完成或结束。HebeforeI.Shemethatsheanewnovel.hadleftarrivedtoldhadwritten现在过去过去的过去23现在过去过去的过去过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。By,myfatherherefortwoyears.By,heelevenhours.theendoflastyearteno'clocklastnighthadlivedhadworked24Ihavehaddinner.Ihadhaddinner.IhadhaddinnerbeforeIwentforawalk.Ihadhaddinnerbefore8o'clocklastnight.×过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较,并且发生在其之前时才能使用。25过去完成时用于其它结构中...过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely……when、nosooner…than等结构中,表示“刚刚…就…,一…就…”。Hardly(scarcely)hadtheylefthomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadtheylefthomethanitbegantorain.动词think、expect、suppose、plan、hope、mean、intend等的过去完成时可用来表示本打算做而没有做的事,表达某种惋惜之情。think、hope、expect、want等词的过去完成时常用于比较结构中。Wehadplannedtogoonapicnic,butitrained.Ihadmeanttopickyouup,butmycarwasbrokentoday.Theplanworkedoutbetterthanwehadexpected.Thingswentmoresmoothlythanwehadhoped.26“It(this,that)+was+first(second,third,last)或形容词最高级+that…”结构,从句同过去完成时连用。Itwasthesecondtimethathehadgoneabroad.ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.ItwasthemostmovingfilmthatIhadseen.ThatwasthemostexcitingfootballgamethatIhadwatched.27表示在将来某一时间之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作。Weshallhavecompletedtheprojectbytheendofthisyear.Beforewearri