大学英语议论文写作

ArgumentationDifferenttypesofwritingNarrationDescriptionExpositionArgumen-tationpurposeToneTotellastoryTodescribeToexplainTopersuadeorconvinceMoreemotionalMorematter-of-factMoreacademicorexplanatoryMoreargumen-tativeNarrationDescriptionExpositionArgumentationDevelopmentContentBytimeByspaceBygenerallogicBydeductionorInductionNarrationofteninvolvesdescription.Argumentationofteninvolvesexplanation.Expositionoftenincludesdescriptionandnarration.TheDefinitionofArgumentationInthiskindofessay,wenotonlygiveinformationbutalsopresentanargumentwiththePROS(supportingideas)andCONS(opposingideas)ofanargumentativeissue.Weshouldclearlytakeourstandandwriteasifwearetryingtopersuadeanopposingaudiencetoadoptnewbeliefsorbehavior.ThePurposeofArgumentationToconvince.Makethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes.1.adebatablethesisstatement2.sufficientevidence3.logicalreasoning4.agooduseoftheotherthreetypesofessays(narration,description,exposition)5.anhonestandfriendlyattitudeBasicFeaturesofArgumentativeEssaysStepsinwritinganargumentativeessay:Todecidebasicallywhatyouropinion/standpointisonthequestion.Tothinkwhatthemainpointsofyourargument(PROs)wouldbeandtrytofindevidencetobackupyourpoints,Tonotedowncounter-arguments(CONs)andcontradictoryevidence.Topresentbothsidesoftheargument(PROsandCONs)inalogical,coherentmannerandclearlymarktheshiftfromtheopposingargumenttoyourownsupportingargument.Notes:Youshouldmakecompletelyclearwhereyoustand.Don’t“sitonthefence”andtakeanindecisiveapproach.Yourargumentmustbewell-balancedandrecognizedifferentopinionsandapproaches.Inanargumentativeessay,theconclusionisprobablythemostimportantpart,sodon’tmakeittooshort.Debatablethesisstatement:statementswithwhichotherpeoplemightormightnotagree.CoalandoilarethemainsourcesofenergyintheUnitedStatesinthe20thcentury.SolarenergyisthebestwayofmeetingCalifornia'senergyneedsinthe21stcentury.Howtomakesureyouhaveagoodthesisstatement?A.Avoidmerestatementsoffacts.E.g.“Chinesedoctorsuseacupunctureanesthesiatoperformcertainoperations.”Improveittomakeitdebatable:Acupunctureanesthesiashouldreplaceconventionalanesthesiainalloperations.Certainelectronicequipmenthavebeenusedinroadcontrol.Electronicequipmentshouldbeappliedinallroadcontrol.B.Avoidstatementsofpersonalpreference.“TomCruiseismyfavoriteactor.”Problem:Thisisapersonalpreferencewhichdoesnoleadtodispute.“TomCruiseisthemostcharmingactorinHollywood.”JinYongisthemostrepresentativeofHongKongauthors.C.AvoidviewpointsthataregenerallyacceptedorcanbeeasilyverifiedCompare:“Noisepollutionisharmfultopeople’shealth.”Generallyaccepted“Noisepollutionisthemostharmfulofallenvironmentalpollution.”ArguableEg:Privatecarsarecausesofroadaccidents.Privatecarsarethenumberonekilleronroads.Practice:findoutwhetherthefollowingstatementsaredebatableornotandexplainthereason.1.Computersandautomationincreaseunemployment.2.Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.3.Plantsproduceoxygenthattheworldneedstosustainlife.4.Agoodeducationisabsolutelynecessaryforasuccessfulandhappylife.5.VanGogh’spaintingsaretheworkofamadman.6.Shakespearediedin1616.7.Strictteacherswilldochildrenmoregoodthanpermissiveteachers.8.Tobeagreatwriterhasbeenmydreamsincechildhood.9.Australiahassomeofthemostvenomoussnakesintheworld.10.Gradesareanaidtoeducation.11.Fivepercentofincomingfreshmenintheirschoolnevergraduate.12.Physicallyandpsychologically,menaresuperiortowomen.13.Petsshouldnotbeallowedonourcampus.14.Computercoursesareboring.15.Everystudentshouldberequiredtobecomecomputerliterate.16.Computerpricesaredroppingbyasmuchas15percentyearly.17.Frenchwinesarebetterthandomesticwines.18.Frenchwinesareoverpriced.19.Collegeisnotforeveryone.Thethesisstatementshouldbesuchthat:Itshouldbenarroweddown.Marijuanashouldbeconsideredillegal.(toogeneral.Insomemedicalcases,marijuanaisprescribedbythedoctorsandthepatientsareencouragedtouseitincaseofsufferingfromtoomuchpain)Sellingandusingmarijuanainpublicplacesshouldbeconsideredillegal.X√ItshouldcontainanargumentWeshoulddecidewhetherwewantabicycleoracar.(Ourstandisnotclear:dowesupporthavingbicyclesorcars?)Ifweareundertheageof30andwantahealthylife,weshoulddefinitelygetabicycleinsteadofacar.Areyouoneofthosewhothinkscheatingisnotgoodforstudents?(Aquestioncannotbeanargument.)Cheatinghelpsstudentslearn.Consideringitsgeologicalposition,TurkeyhasanimportantgeopoliticalroleintheEU.(Factscannotbearguments.)Consideringitsgeopoliticalrole,wecanclearlysaythattheEUcannotbewithoutTurkey.Itshouldbeatopicthatcanbeadequatelysupported(withstatistics,outsidesourcecitations,etc.).Ifeelthatwritinganargumentativeessayisdefinitelyachallengingtask.(Feelingscannotbesupported;wecannotpersuadeotherpeople)Examples:Cheatingisbeneficialforstudents.Stressisgoodforthehumanbody.Polygamyisquitenatural.Forwomen,thereisnoneedformen.Howtowriteadetatablethesisstatementtopic+opposingarguments+yourposition/standAlthoughmanyyoungpeoplewouldagreethatthosewhoareoldenou