英语应用文写作方法指导

应用文写作方法指导高等学校英语应用能力考试写作部分除了翻译（汉译英、英译汉）外，主要考察学生套写应用性短文的能力。应用文包括书信、公函、契约、合同、通知、海报、请柬、备忘录、电子邮件、传真、便条、个人简历等。应用文的语言、格式根据不同的内容、目的和要求有所不同。应用文的一个鲜明特点就是语言精练、文字准确。它有基本固定的格式。在撰写应用文时，应注意各种不同问题在格式和语言上的要求。书信（letter）英文书信一般包括以下几个部分：1.写信人的地址、写信日期（再在右上角）；2.称呼；3.正文；4.结束语；5.署名。Sample1Letterofcongratulation(祝贺信)祝贺信语言要亲切，给人以真挚和温馨的感觉。不能夸大其词，否则会给人虚假的印象。套语的使用要得当，不能太过呆板。祝贺信主要用于庆贺亲戚朋友结婚、生育、生日、晋级等，或在节假日向朋友致以节日的问候。（1）September2,2009DearMr.Lancaster,Pleaseacceptmywarmestcongratulationonyourrecentmarriageandmybestwishesforyourfuturehappiness,goodhealthandcontinuedsuccess.Sincerelyyours,TangYong(2)October5,2009DearMrs.Diana,Mr.WangDongandhiswifewanttotakethisopportunitytowishyouhappinessonyour50thbirthday.Maygoodluckalwaysaccompanyyou.Yoursfaithfully,WangDongSample2LetterofThanks(感谢信)感谢信用词要真诚、简要，不能言过其实。在接受了别人礼物、帮助或款待之后，应及时写感谢信表达自己的谢意。常用句型：Thankyouverymuchfor…Iamsogratefultoyoufor…Itwaskindandgenerousofyouto…Manythankstoyoufor…Weareindebtedtoyou…October9,2009DearMr.WangDong,Iamdeeplygratefultoyouandyourwifeforyourbestwishesonmy50thbirthday.AndIwasveryexcitedwhenIreceivedyourgift.ItwasverykindofyoutodoallthisformeandIappreciateitmorethanIcansay.Yourssincerely,DianaSample3LetterofApology(道歉信)由于自身的原因给别人造成不便、遗憾或伤害时，应该写一封道歉信致歉。先道歉，后解释原因。道歉的用词要诚恳，所说的原因要让人信服，易于接受。常用句型：I’mvery/terribly/awfullysorryfor/that/to…Pleaseacceptourapologiesfor…Iregretthat/tosaythat…October7,2009DearMrs.Diana,I’mextremelysorryIdidn’tattendyour50thbirthdayparty,notbecauseIforgetitbutIcaughtabadcoldandhadahighfever.Iwassenttohospitaltohaveinjections.PleaseexcusemefortheinconvenienceIcausedyou.Sincerelyyours,JennySample4LetterofComplaint(投诉信)投诉信是向有关人员或单位反映问题的信件。写投诉信时，要开门见山地提出问题以及希望解决这些问题的方法。用词要简洁清楚、有理有据、让人信服。投诉信一般包括三方面内容：投诉内容。一般放在信的开头，常用的表达语有：Iamwritingtoyouabout/withreference…whichwereceived/bought…Iamgoingtocomplainabout…2)投诉原因。一般讲述对产品或售后服务不满意的地方。常用表达语有：Whenwchecked,wenoticedthat……itdidnotwork3)希望得到的解决方式。Pleaseletusknowthatyouintendtodointhismatter.Iamreturning…underseparatepostandlookforwardtoreceivingafullrefundof…July7，2009DearSirorMadam,IstayedinyourhotelfromJuly4toJuly6.Tomyamazementanddisappointment,theroomIstayedwasnotclean.Thebedsheetwasnotsmooth.Therewassmallpiecesofwastepaperonthecarpet.Thetowelsinthebathroomwerenotchanged.Andtherewasnoslippers.Youareafour-starhotel.Everythingshouldbeingoodorder.Ihopeyou’llimproveyourmanagementandfurthertrainyouremployees.Sincerelyyours,Jackson（2）July5,2009DearSir,IamwritingtoyouaboutashirtwhichIboughtfromyourshopwhileonholidaythissummer.WhenItookitoutofthebagandexamineditclosely,Ifoundalargewholeatthesideandonebuttonwasmissing.Asyouwillrealize,Iwasextremelyupsettodiscoverallthis.Atyouprice,Iexpecttopquality!Iamreturningtheshirtwiththisletterandlookforwardtoreceivingafullrefundof124yuan.Yoursfaithfully,LiMingSample5LetterofComfort(慰问信)当朋友或亲人生病或出意外的时候，写一封慰问信表示同情和安慰。慰问信的书写要亲切、真诚，让人看了倍感温暖，并表达随时准备提供帮助的情感。常用句型：Iwasshocked/saddened/distressed/grievedtohearthat…Ijustcan’ttellyouhowsorryIwastolearnof/that…Wearehoping/hopefor/to/that…October8,2009DearJenny,Iamterriblysorrytoknowfromyourletterthatyoucaughtabadcold,hadahighfeverandwassenttohospitalforinjections.Iamworryingaboutyourhealthandanxioustoknowhowyouarenow.IfIcandoanythingforyou,don’thesitatetotellme.Isincerelyhopeyouwillgetwellsoon.Yours,DianaSample6Letterofinvitation(邀请信)邀请信分为两种：非正式格式的一般邀请信和正规格式的邀请信，即请柬。邀请信有固定的格式，它最重要的一点是一定把内容、时间、地点表达清楚，使人一目了然，不能让人一头雾水，捉摸不定。常见句型：I’dlikeyoutocometodinneronWednesday..Willyouhaveapartywithusatourhomeon…..Idohopeyoucanmakeit.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouboth.September25,2009DearJenny,WeareplanningapartytocelebrateDiana’s50thbirthdayandofcoursewewantyouandAndytocome.It’snextSunday,October5,at5:30p.m.inDiana’shome.Ihopeyoucancome.I’mexpectingwithgreatpleasureseeingyouboth.Trulyyours,TomSample7LetterofApplication(求职信)求职信属于个人公务信函。公务信函包含的项目一般别私人信件多。由以下几部分组成：1.信头：包括写信人单位（公司）名称、详细地址、邮编、电话、传真号码、网址及写信日期；2.信内地址：收信人的姓名和地址；3.称呼；4.正文5.结束套语；6.署名。求职信末尾一般要附上个人情况介绍。No.532-2.EZhongshanRdNanjing,Jiangsu210016May21,2009Mr.AdrianManteeGeneralManagerofSino-USJointly-venturedBeijingDailyChemicalsPlantBeijing,ChinaDearMr.Mantee,Intoday’sPeople’sDailyIreadyouradvertisementsforyourplantexpansionprogram.Pleaseconsiderthisletterofmyapplicationforthepositionyouoffered.IamatpresentworkingatanenterpriseinNanjing.Theencloseddatagivesabriefoutlineofmytrainingandexperience.Iwouldliketohaveaninterviewwithyouatyourconvenience.Sincerelyyours,LinXiaomingEnclosure:DataSheetLinXiaomingNo.532-2.EZhongshanRd.NanjingMay21,2009Tel:[phone]Personalinformation:Sex:maleAge:25Height:176cmWeight:63kgHealth:excellentPlaceofbirth:NanjingDateofBirth:March12,1989Maritalstatus:SingleLeisureinterests:photography,music,stampcollectionEducation:College:NanjingAdvancedVocationalandTechnicalCollegeMajor:ComputerscienceMajorcourses:computeroperationandprogramming,English,Filing,etc.Highschool:NanjingNo.1HighSchool,JiangsuProvinceGraduation:June,20**－Additionaltraining:JinlingVocationalUniversityCourse:productionplanning(45clockhours)－2007Officemanagement(40clockhours)－2008Experience:DatesEmployerPositio